James Fowlers Stages of Faith Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

James Fowlers Stages of Faith - Assignment Example It is also the product of a person’s interactions with other people, whether or not these people nurtured the person’s faith or not. Or, it can also be the result of various personal experiences which may or may not resonate with others but had a profound impact on how a person lives life every day. Thus, regardless of whether a person believes in a supreme being, many creators, or not acknowledging the importance of divine entities, faith is the driving force for people to commit and to move their ways through life’s hardships, trials, and times of happiness and joy (â€Å"Stages of Faith† 4). Fowler’s stages of faith are not a measurement of how good a person is in whatever religion or belief system one belongs to, and that it is only a measurement and approximation of one’s thought patterns with respect to a Higher Being, whether these are complex or simple for one’s age (Fowler and Dell 40). ... s similar to what others believe as well, which in turn makes them think that what they believe in is something common that everyone else thinks of as well (â€Å"Stages of Faith† 153). Also, it has been previously mentioned that many people become stable in this stage and grow quite comfortable with the ceremonial aspects of their religions, accepting everything without question and doubts. However, this is also a stage where the believers can also be harshly critical and judgmental of others whom they believe do not share the same ideas with them, and this can lead to negative reactions and feedback from these â€Å"other† people (152). This is typically due to the fact that people in this stage are not liable to think outside the box, and that doing so makes them feel unworthy and sinful due to questioning their religious leaders and in turn, makes them question God. Such ideas are exemplified in a case study of an acquaintance, and despite the age of late twenties s till seems to be in the synthetic-conventional stage of faith: Marlene (not her real name) has been an active member of the local Catholic Church for as long as she can remember. When she was younger, she attends church with her family every Sunday and every Feast Day, and was a member of the children’s choir who actively participates in each practice session. As she grew older, she also became involved in catechism sessions for younger children before receiving their first holy communion, and she also participates in Sunday schools whenever possible. This was her routine habit until she left to study college in another state. She had many friends and acquaintances in university, and they say that she was a hard-worker and a dedicated student, aside from being their go-to friend whenever they have

Calculate the bounce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Calculate the bounce - Essay Example There are 49 employees, with a total monthly payroll output of  £101,400. Each employee, on average, earns  £2069 monthly or  £24,828 yearly. However, bonus amount should be based on profit figures. Employees are used to receiving  £70,000 in commissions, therefore bonus should be more equal to this figure in which they have become accustomed in order to improve motivation and performance incentives. Analysis methodology should consider current objectives, such as whether the business is looking to invest or, perhaps, expand the company which will require additional expenditures. Questions should be asked such as whether owners’ equity, for the investor stakeholder, should be considered prior to paying a bonus. There is one important factor to consider: In 2008, the company agreed to  £16.5 million in goods in exchange for 50 percent of the company, giving the business these goods for a period of one year. This agreement raised inventory assets in the company, which only improves its position for growth or perhaps access to new credit. The current global accounting standards would identify these goods or perhaps depreciate their value over time, however its rising liquidity from the goods exchange makes the company stronger at the accounting level. Therefore, bonus should not be reduced as current profit levels remain unchanged even with the new 50/50 ownership. The goods received are still part of the company’s inventory. Profit in 2009 was  £7.72 million. There was no cash balance from 2008 to consider as profit was used to expand sales for 2009. With this in mind, if the company divided the entire profit among the 49 employees, it would be calculated as: However, this is far outside of industry norms and equates to more than the employees are used to receiving with their sales commission and would not add to the business’ cash balance, which is strategically

The History of Automobile Essay Example for Free

The History of Automobile Essay 1. The history of automobile The first working steam-powered vehicle was probably designed by Ferdinand Verbiest, a Flemish member of a Jesuit mission in China around 1672. It was a 65 cm-long scale-model toy for the Chinese Emperor, that was unable to carry a driver or a passenger. It is not known if Verbiests model was ever built. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is widely credited with building the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile in about 1769; he created a steam-powered tricycle. He also constructed two steam tractors for the French Army, one of which is preserved in the French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts. His inventions were however handicapped by problems with water supply and maintaining steam pressure. In 1801, Richard Trevithick built and demonstrated his Puffing Devil road locomotive, believed by many to be the first demonstration of a steam-powered road vehicle. It was unable to maintain sufficient steam pressure for long periods, and was of little practical use. In 1807 Nice phore Nie and his brother Claude probably created the worlds pce first internal combustion engine which they called a Pyre olophore, but they chose to install it in a boat on the river Saone in France. Coincidentally, in 1807 the Swiss inventor Franc Isaac de Rivaz designed his own de Rivaz internal combustion ois engine and used it to develop the worlds first vehicle, to be powered by such an engine. The Nie pces Pyre olophore was fuelled by a mixture of Lycopodium powder (dried Lycopodium moss), finely crushed coal dust and resin that were mixed with oil, whereas de Rivaz used a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. Neither design was very successful, as was the case with others, such as Samuel Brown, Samuel Morey, and Etienne Lenoir with his hippomobile, who each produced vehicles (usually adapted carriages or carts) powered by clumsy internal combustion engines. In November 1881, French inventor Gustave Trouve demonstrated a working three-wheeled automobile powered by electricity at the International Exposition of Electricity, Paris. Although several other German engineers (including Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach, and Siegfried Marcus) were working on the problem at about the same time, Karl Benz generally is acknowledged as the inventor of the modern automobile. An automobile powered by his own four-stroke cycle gasoline engine was built in Mannheim, Germany by Karl Benz in 1885, and granted a patent in January of the following year under the auspices of his major company, Benz Cie. , which was founded in 1883. It was an integral design, without the adaptation of other existing components, and included several new technological elements to create a new concept. He began to sell his production vehicles in 1888. In 1879, Benz was granted a patent for his first engine, which had been designed in 1878. Many of his other inventions made the use of the internal combustion engine feasible for powering a vehicle. His first Motorwagen was built in 1885, and he was awarded the patent for its invention as of his application on January 29, 1886. Benz began promotion of the vehicle on July 3, 1886, and about 25 Benz vehicles were sold between 1888 and 1893, when his first four-wheeler was introduced along with a model intended for affordability. They also were powered with four-stroke engines of his own design. Emile Roger of France, already producing Benz engines under license, now added the Benz automobile to his line of products. Because France was more open to the early automobiles, initially more were built and sold in France through Roger than Benz sold in Germany. Bertha Benz, the first long distance automobile driver in the world In August 1888 Bertha Benz, the wife of Karl Benz, undertook the first road trip by car, to prove the road-worthiness of her husbands invention. In 1896, Benz designed and patented the first internal-combustion flat engine, called boxermotor. During the last years of the nineteenth century, Benz was the largest automobile company in the world with 572 units produced in 1899 and, because of its size, Benz Cie. , became a joint-stock company. Daimler and Maybach founded Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG) in Cannstatt in 1890, and sold their first automobile in 1892 under the brand name, Daimler. It was a horse-drawn stagecoach built by another manufacturer, that they retrofitted with an engine of their design. By 1895 about 30 vehicles had been built by Daimler and Maybach, either at the Daimler works or in the Hotel Hermann, where they set up shop after disputes with their backers. Benz, Maybach and the Daimler team seem to have been unaware of each others early work. They never worked together; by the time of the merger of the two companies, Daimler and Maybach were no longer part of DMG. Daimler died in 1900 and later that year, Maybach designed an engine named Daimler-Mercedes, that was placed in a specially ordered model built to specifications set by Emil Jellinek. This was a production of a small number of vehicles for Jellinek to race and market in his country. Two years later, in 1902, a new model DMG automobile was produced and the model was named Mercedes after the Maybach engine which generated 35 hp. Maybach quit DMG shortly thereafter and opened a business of his own. Rights to the Daimler brand name were sold to other manufacturers. Karl Benz proposed co-operation between DMG and Benz Cie. when economic conditions began to deteriorate in Germany following the First World War, but the directors of DMG refused to consider it initially. Negotiations between the two companies resumed several years later when these conditions worsened and, in 1924 they signed an Agreement of Mutual Interest, valid until the year 2000. Both enterprises standardized design, production, purchasing, and sales and they advertised or marketed their automobile models jointly, although keeping their respective brands. On June 28, 1926, Benz Cie. and DMG finally merged as the Daimler-Benz company, baptizing all of its automobiles Mercedes Benz, as a brand honoring the most important model of the DMG automobiles, the Maybach design later referred to as the 1902 Mercedes-35 hp, along with the Benz name. Karl Benz remained a member of the board of directors of Daimler-Benz until his death in 1929, and at times, his two sons participated in the management of the company as well. In 1890, Emile Levassor and Armand Peugeot of France began producing vehicles with Daimler engines, and so laid the foundation of the automobile industry in France. The first design for an American automobile with a gasoline internal combustion engine was made in 1877 by George Selden of Rochester, New York. Selden applied for a patent for an automobile in 1879, but the patent application expired because the vehicle was never built. After a delay of sixteen years and a series of attachments to his application, on November 5, 1895, Selden was granted a United States patent (U. S. Patent 549,160) for a two-stroke automobile engine, which hindered, more than encouraged, development of automobiles in the United States. His patent was challenged by Henry Ford and others, and overturned in 1911. In 1893, the first running, gasoline-powered American car was built and road-tested by the Duryea brothers of Springfield, Massachusetts. The first public run of the Duryea Motor Wagon took place on September 21, 1893, on Taylor Street in Metro Center Springfield. To construct the Duryea Motor Wagon, the brothers had purchased a used horse-drawn buggy for $70 and then installed a 4 HP, single cylinder gasoline engine. The car had a friction transmission, spray carburetor, and low tension ignition. It was road-tested again on November 10, when the The Springfield Republican newspaper made the announcement. This particular car was put into storage in 1894 and stayed there until 1920 when it was rescued by Inglis M. Uppercu and presented to the United States National Museum. 2. Direction of automobile industry 2. 1Fuel technology As we all know, the earths resources are limited, so human beings develop fuel technology, let us make better use of these resources. There are many resources we can use, like Air engine, Battery-electric, Solar, Bioalcohol, Hydrogen and Hybrid vehicle. A hybrid vehicle uses multiple propulsion systems to provide motive power. The most common type of hybrid vehicle is the gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles, which use gasoline (petrol) and electric batteries for the energy used to power internal-combustion engines (ICEs) and electric motors. These motors are usually relatively small and would be considered underpowered by themselves, but they can provide a normal driving experience when used in combination during acceleration and other maneuvers that require greater power. The Toyota Prius first went on sale in Japan in 1997 and it is sold worldwide since 2000. By 2010 the Prius is sold in more than 70 countries and regions, with Japan and the United States as its largest markets. In May 2008, global cumulative Prius sales reached the 1 million units, and by September 2010, the Prius reached worldwide cumulative sales of 2 million units. The United States is the largest hybrid market in the world, with more than 2 million hybrid automobiles and SUVs sold through May 2011. The Prius is the top selling hybrid car in the U. S. with 1 million units sold by April 2011. The Honda Insight is a two-seater hatchback hybrid automobile manufactured by Honda. It was the first mass-produced hybrid automobile sold in the United States, introduced in 1999, and produced until 2006. Honda introduced the second-generation Insight in Japan in February 2009, and the new Insight went on sale in the U. S. on April 22, 2009. Honda also offers the Honda Civic Hybrid since 2002. Among others, the following are popular gasoline-electric hybrid models available in the market by 2009: Ford Escape Hybrid, Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid, Lexus RX 400h, Toyota Highlander Hybrid, Mercury Mariner Hybrid, Toyota Camry Hybrid, Saturn Vue Green Line, Lexus LS600hL, Mazda Tribute Hybrid, Nissan Altima Hybrid, Ford Fusion/Mercury Milan Hybrid, and Mercedes S400 BlueHybrid. Several major carmakers are currently developing plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Chinese battery manufacturer and automaker BYD Auto released the F3DM PHEV-68 (PHEV109km) hatchback to the Chinese fleet market on December 15, 2008. The 2011 Chevrolet Volt is the first mass produced PHEV launched in the United States, and it was introduced in November 2010. Other PHEVs undergoing field testing as of December 2010 include the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, Ford Escape Plug-in Hybrid, Volvo V70 Plug-in Hybrid, and Suzuki Swift Plug-in. The Sinclair C5 pedal-assisted battery vehicle. The Elantra LPI Hybrid, launched in the South Korean domestic market in July 2009, is a hybrid vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine built to run on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a fuel. The Elantra PLI is a mild hybrid and the first hybrid to adopt advanced lithium polymer (Li–Poly) batteries. 2. 2 Driverless car A driverless car is a vehicle equipped with an autopilot system that is capable of driving from one point to another without guidance by a human operator. This is intended to produce several direct advantages: Avoiding crashes by eliminating driver error 2. Increasing roadway capacity by reducing the distances between cars and better managing traffic flow 3. Relieving vehicle occupants from driving and navigating chores, so allowing them to concentrate on other tasks or to rest during their journeys Indirect advantages are anticipated as well. Adoption of driverless cars could reduce the number of vehicles worldwide and eliminate the need for drivers licenses, rules of the road, traffic lights, traffic signs, highway patrols and vehicle insurances. The systems currently under development work by simulating human perception and decision-making during steering of a car via advanced computer software linked to a range of sensors such as cameras, radar and GPS. Current driverless passenger car programs include the 2 get there passenger vehicles from the Netherlands, the DARPA Grand Challenge from the USA, and Google driverless car.

Elements Of Struggle Between Passion And Reason

Elements Of Struggle Between Passion And Reason In nineteenth century literature a lot of importance was given to passion and emotional appeal in preference to reason and logic. Creative writing and fiction were usually charged with passion and struck a chord with the readers. For any work of fiction or non-fiction the main content needs to have a reasonable plot, theme, structure and organization for it to be of sustained popularity and wide readership. The books included in this study, Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley have elements of both passion and reason even though a clash between these two elements is evident in both stories. Cry, the beloved country, for the unborn child that is the inheritor of our fear. Let him not love the earth too deeply. Let him not laugh too gladly when the water runs through his fingers, nor stand too silent when the setting sun makes red the veld with fire. Let him not be too moved when the birds of his land are singing, nor give too much of his heart to a mountain or a valley. For fear will rob him of all if he gives too much (Paton 101). In the above lines from the story, the writer brings about the struggle between the feelings of ownership and belonging of the protagonist, Stephen Kumalo, and the fear of his beloved country falling apart because of racial discrimination and racial hostilities between the whites and the blacks in South Africa. The other theme of clash is between the route to progress and development for the blacks in urban centers like Johannesburg at the cost of the breaking up of families and tribes in rural South Africa. The dichotomy is between progress and urbanization on the one hand and preserving traditions and strengthening relationships on the other. The main themes are of the clash between the privileged and the colonized, the haves and the have-nots. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley has drawn the readers attention towards the clash between science and the occult. Victor Frankenstein who creates the monster represents reason and the monster represents passion. Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow (Shelley 50). In the above lines, the author has tried to elaborate on the pitfalls that the mere quest for knowledge devoid of responsibility and control can have on mortal lives. So the struggle in this story is between reason in the form of science and scientific invention against the passion of the monster which is a creation of the scientist. Frankenstein is a story of an irresponsible scientist who in the pursuit of knowledge creates a monster that nobody is able to control and the monster continues to perpetrate atrocities and chaos. It is a lesson for the reader to bear in mind that curiosity and the mission to gain knowledge is good but the seeker of knowledge must also be capable of taking responsibility and have courage to bear negative consequences in case a need arises. There are a couple of common themes in both these novels. The colonizing of black people in South Africa and disbanding families and tribes in order to profit from cheap labor created the monster of racial hooliganism and lawlessness in Johannesburg. The whites created the black labor force but did nothing to ensure that they remain happy and rooted. The abject poverty and dire living conditions of the black workers created the rift between the rich mine and factory owners and the displaced black laborers. Similarly in Frankenstein Victor Frankenstein created the monster but did nothing to provide a sense of belonging and ownership which encouraged the monster to feel disowned and become wild. The themes of colonialism and imperialism are present in both novels. It is the struggle between the white and black, the rich and poor, the rulers and the ruled in Alan Patons story while the theme of the creator and the created permeates Mary Shelleys novel. Isolation and the sense of lack of belonging have created both the monster and Absalom. The monster seeks the love and acknowledgment of his creator while Absalom leaves his village, Ndotsheni, to seek knowledge and employment. So both the monster and Absalom feel isolated from their people and take to ways that harms others more than they can control. Stephen Kumalo is the pastor of a small village in South Africa and lives in his own world, quite disconnected with the times and happenings in urbanized centers like Johannesburg. When he comes to Johannesburg to help rehabilitate his sister, Gertrude, he is brought face to face with the realities of life in South Africa. He realizes that his world was collapsing and that the main tragedy of his people was that things like relationships and innocence were breaking down and no one was doing anything to mend them. He says, It suited the white man to break the tribe, but it has not suited him to build something in its place (Paton 46). Stephen Kumalo is a man obsessed with a singular quest to seek his son and rebuild the community. Similarly, Victor Frankenstein is obsessed with seeking knowledge and acquiring power. He wanted to play God and test his ability to give life to an animal (Shelley 51). The conclusion of both the stories engenders calm and relative hope. In the end Absalom realizes his mistake and is reconciled to his fate and Stephen Kumalo is able to bring his sister and Absaloms pregnant wife back to the village to try and rebuild his tribe with the help of James Jarvis. The monster in Frankenstein grieves over the death of his creator and is reconciled to his self-imposed exile in the North Pole and subsequent death. He realizes that his atrocities in order to seek revenge did not yield the desired results and he continued to be abandoned and isolated. In both stories, there is a sense of catharsis with Absalom writing home to his parents and the monster grieving over his master. Even though both ends are tragic there is a faint ray of hope in both novels.

The Mammy :: essays research papers

The Mammy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Irish tale depicts the life of a woman named Agnes Browne. The cards have fallen more than once for her, but with the love of her 7 children and faith, Agnes never losses her strength. The author, Brendan O’Carroll, adds elements of humor, tragedy, and love to this novel, which makes it hard to stop reading. Follow me as I talk about The Mammy and how her culture plays a part in her everyday life in the late 1960’s, in Dublin, Ireland.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book begins with the death of Agnes Browne’s husband Nicholas Browne, whom gets hit by a car. Agnes is now a widow and single parent to 7 children (6 boys and 1 girl), whom all range in ages 14-3. All of her children attend strict Catholic schools. Although her oldest son wants to drop out of school to help his mother support the household, she wants him to stay and continue. Agnes does not want him to end up like his father was, an abusive drunk, who worked as a janitor for more than 15 years. Though Nicholas Browne beat Agnes, he was never to touch the children. She was very protective of her children and everyone in Dublin knew it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now Agnes has to raise the children with the money she gets from the social service office, her stall where she sales her fresh produce everyday, and her Catholic belief. Agnes has a best friend by the name of Marion Monks. The two are very close and do everything together. They go to the local pub all the time and gossip and drink alcohol. The pub they hang out in everyone knew one another and were all very friendly, the neighborhood is very tight. With her very busy life Agnes does find time to daydream about her favorite singer named Cliff Diamond. She loves to listen to his records and relax. Agnes daydreams of him all the time wishing she could have one dance with him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then tragedy hits Agnes once again when Marion dies of cancer. She is saddened by the sudden death of her best friend, but she has such strong strength, she knows Marion is looking down on her. At the end of the book Agnes’ dream comes true when she is surprised with a visit from Cliff Diamond and looks up in the sky to thank her friend Marion for watching over her.

Dichotomy of Colors in Poes The Masque (Mask) of the Red Death Essay

Dichotomy of Colors in The Masque of Red Death  Ã‚   In "The Masque of Red Death," Poe uses aural, visual, and kinetic images to create the effect of fear in a joyful masque. Poe starts off with a description of the "Red Death." He gives gory detail of how it seals one's fate with Blood. He tells of pain, horror and bleeding. Moreover, the pestilence kills quickly and alienates the sick. This is Poe's image of death. He only bothers to tell it's symptoms. He doesn't go into the fear present in the lives of people with the disease. He describes the scene of redness and blood streaming from the pores, the face. His description of the afflicted's pain also adds to the graphically explicit exposà © of the red death disease. The red death image is morbid and has a modern day counterpart that aids Poe in creating a wonderfully horrific scene. Many of the symptoms mentioned in Poe's red death fit the modern day Ebola. Both diseases are of unknown origin and attack quickly causing massive bleeding. Just as Ebola turned the society in Africa u pside down, Red Death encourages desperate Prospero to put up iron gates to protect himself. This disease is meant to cause fear in the people. Referring to Red Death, Poe draws comparisons to an Avatar, a god sent image. It implies a god given invincibility to Red Death and dooms the victim to alienation from society and a painful death. Just looking at the description -- imagining the scene -- creates that fear and horror. In contrast to the morbid images associated with red death, Poe describes a group of happy masqueraders. The central figure among the joyous people is Prince Prospero who, as suggested by his name, is prosperous and has tons of entertainment. He is not worried because his wh... ... go. That fear, manifested as Red Death, "stood erect and motionless within the shadow of the ebony clock ..." and all fall in death with his presence. Even the clock "went out with that of the last of the gay." Poe paints a dichotomy of bright, varied, and interesting colors contrasting with dark black. These colors blend, even though one may fight and try to protect itself against the other. Using aural as well as visual images, Poe presents to the reader the clock, a symbol for time, which lurks as an enemy waiting to unleash an inevitable horror on the masses. With this inevitable and explosive mixing, Poe paints a picture of happiness, gaiety, and liveliness, that decays into a dark abyss of the last, black apartment. Works Cited   Poe, Edgar Allen. "The Mask of the Red Death." The Works of Edgar Allen Poe. Ann Arbor, MI: State Street Press. 482-487.

Bmw Startegic Planning Essay

Strategic planning can be defined as the process of developing and maintaining consistency between the organisational objectives and resources and its changing opportunities. Hence strategic planning aims to define and document an approach to doing business that leads to satisfactory profits and growth. This approach or strategy sets the general direction for the use and management of all resources including information, throughout the organisation. Generally this direction will remain valid for an extended period of time. There are several major components that make up the strategic plan. They may appear in various documentations formally or informally defined and they may collectively represent the values and priorities of the organization. These components are mission, vision, goals, objective, strategy and policy. Relationship between Mission, Vision, and Objective Both of mission and vision are relate to an organization’s purpose and are typically communicated in some written form. In mission and vision statement, BMW Malaysia can known about the value, and what they wants to run the business. BMW have a clearly communicated, widely understood, and collectively shared mission and vision have been shown to perform better than those companies without them (mission and vision), with at that they related to effectiveness when strategy and goals and objectives were aligned with them as well. BMW have the mission, vision, and objective in the process of planning strategies to attract the customer. In the relationship between mission, vision, and objective is aim the goals of BMW Malaysia Sdn. Stakeholder Stakeholders are individuals, group, or organization that has direct or indirect in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organization’s actions, objectives, and policies. Key stakeholders in a business organization include creditors, customers, directors, employees, government, shareholders, suppliers, unions, and community from which the business draws its resources. Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholders’ analysis is a process of systematically gathering and analyzing qualitative information to determine whose interests should be taken into account when developing and/or implementing a policy or program. Stake holder analysis is important to BMW Company because they need to do an analysis for their own plans so that they can find out what mistake they has done it and make a correction on it. This analysis also will determine that they can make a comparison with other competitors. Although, the stakeholder analysis originated from the business sciences, it has evolved into a field that now incorporate economics, political science, and game and decision theory and environmental sciences. The current models of stakeholder analysis are applying a variety of tools on both qualitative and quantitative data to understand stakeholders with their position, influence with other groups and their interest in a particular reform. It also provide an idea of the impact of reforms and the potential power struggles among the groups and individuals and helps identify potential strategies for negotiating with opposing. Furthermore, another importance of stakeholder analysis is risk prevention. Analytic stakeholders sometimes would bring complicated and complex analysis and sometimes unexpected problem. Therefore, stakeholder management should carefully managed the business environment occur in the company. Unexpected negative development in the BMW Company can increase the risk. Last but not least is the rationality. The management should perceive the ability of the stakeholder group as to measure the financial performance. The stakeholder commitment can show a moral duty by claim the benefits from the stakeholder management to the ethical principle. Conclusion As a result, the stakeholder analysis is an effective methodology as to evaluate the management process in the BMW Company. This analysis can help the management construct the identifiable and effective control and management. This analysis can convey sufficient and active project for BMW Company. Introduction Most of the companies are practicing the organizational audit and environmental audit which may help them to solve any problem in the company and also give them opportunity to improving their business. Organizational audit can be defined as internal audit which is provide the independent professional service, to serve not only foe management, but also the whole organization. Besides that, it also may assurance that an organization’s risk management, authority and internal control processes will be operate effectively. This means that the organizational audits will arrange or care the important basic issues such as survival and prosperity of the company. Environmental audit can be clarified as the broad. This will include all the outsider people to involve in the company. Or in other meaning, it is a systematic of dealings between any business operation and it is surrounding. This may contain the air, land, water legal constraint. For example, it may cause the community around the business, places that they doing the business, and the public’s perception of the operating company in the local area. Besides that, environmental audit can be simplified as an independent third party of assessment of the current status which may occupy the organization’s agreement with local environmental law. It also will be the assessment of the financial advantages and disadvantages for the company. Factors that affect the internal audit Internal factors are identifying through SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis consists of strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The strength and weakness probably come for the management of the manager and employee. While the opportunity and threat is coming from the customers. Factors that affect the external audit External factors are identifying through PEST analysis. PEST analysis consists of political, economical, social and technological. Technological and economical variables are affecting by the media. While the political and social are affecting by suppliers and distributors. Conclusion BMW has analysed their organisational audit and environmental audits with the SWOT and PEST analysis. The analysis tools is where you recommend and improve their through this analysis tools can helps the company measure the performance of the internal and external factors in BMW Company. Introduction Strategic positioning is important part in a company. It is because, it will advertising the strategies to consider. For example the product or brand to be effectively positioned within the customer’s mind, general research into target audience, competition’s advertising activity needs to take place. If the strategic positioning is successful, it may be situate the product in the mind of the customer when it comes to purchase time. Besides that, the criteria that a management should become aware of is the price, quality of product, convenience, time, and relevance which will attributes consumers associate to brands within a category. Strategic positioning is important to a company because they are a tiny little business which can plan heated down to one sentence. Besides that, it also will briefly define the target, the categories which the company struggles, the differentiated benefits, and what the company must do to prove the differentiated to the customer. Moreover, strategic positioning also will develop the brand positioning to forces the company to consider what they want to be successful. Without a clear and good strategic positioning, the company may lose lots of time and money in hopeless. If the strategic positioning is not be clear, it doesn’t have real, meaningful, differentiated value to the marketplace and your organization, it will be not only wandering but somehow it will aimlessly, the chances of real success are greatly lessen. Strategic Positioning Techniques Strategic positioning is a key to business success. It has the advantage to help the company to focus what they do and market place to know what you stand for. This strategic position of a business includes the devising the desired position of the basis present and foreseeable development. Their strategic positioning techniques are show as below: I. Market Segmentation Segmentation system is well designed to measure the interests, attitudes and behaviours of their marketing mix. Segmentation, targeting and positioning are tools that a company used to gain competitive advantage in the market. Market segmentation is the process of dividing the market into similar groups according to the characteristics planned for the product acquire. BMW is a huge and well known automotive industry in all around the world. Therefore, their market segmentation is bigger than others. They need to fulfil many requirement by differentiate their marketing plans. Other segmentation is target marketing. Target market can recognise the diversity of customers and what the company offering. Different customers have different needs so it is possible to satisfy their customers by treating them alike. This segment enables a company like BMW trade individual marketing plans of each customer group. Market segmentation is torn into some section which is geographic and demographic segment. Geographic segmentation variables require the region, size of population areas, population density and climate. Big population can increase the faith and build trust among their customers. BMW Company also can be their strategic position in gain the customer’s trust and believe. While, demographic segmentation includes the age, gender, family size and life cycle and others. When the family have big members, even when one of the members is purchase with BMW, the others can build their trust towards the BMW’s products. They will analyse through the product that the members bought from BMW. II. Benchmarking Benchmarking is the process of identifying the best practice on how the product is created and delivered to the suppliers and customers. The objective of benchmarking is to understand and evaluate the current position of a business or organisation. Benchmarking examine on how the company achieve their performance levels. This technique helps the company explain the process behind the excellent performance that the company acquire. Strength of benchmarking is lies on the way the organisation measure the impact of the effectiveness of their processes. For example, BMW has famous and huge benchmarking form the automotive that they produce. They own benchmarking make their financial become higher and higher. This includes the activity such attracting the customers by meeting their needs. All the department will work together to gain the customers concerned. One type of benchmarking is a strategic benchmarking. This strategic benchmarking is concerned on the strategic action and change. BMW has many strategic actions in market their product to all their customers in the international market. Their most target market are individual which has family and many member. BMW offers security for each of the automotive that they produced. The person that used the facilities that BMW offer will feel secure and they always trust to deal with BMW in future. The best benchmarking process need to carry out properly as to gain the experiences repeatedly. The best practice is used by the successful organisation as a tool of continually improving the production. The reason of product development can offer the necessary to undertake the best practice that BMW acquire. Conclusion As a conclusion, BMW has their strategic objective to be achieved. The technique that I can propose to BMW to achieve their objective is benchmarking and market segmentation. These techniques will bring effectiveness to the BMW performance and helps BMW develop their strategic positioning.