Rhetorical Strategies in Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Essay

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God-EssayIn the 1700s the Puritans left England for the fear of being persecuted. They moved to America for religious freedom. The Puritans lived from Gods laws. They did not depend as much on material things, and they had a simpler and conservative life. More than a hundred years later, the Puritans depression toward their church started to fade away. Some Puritans were not able to recognize their religion any longer, they felt that their conventions had grown too self-satisfied. They left their congregations, and their devotion to God gradually faded away. To rekindle the fervor that the early Puritans had, Jonathan Edwards and other Puritan ministers led a religious revival through New England. Edwards preached intense sermons that awakened his congregation to an awareness of their sins. With Edwards sermon, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God he persuades the Puritans to convert certify to Puritanism, by utilizing rhetorical str ategies such as, imagery, loaded diction, and a threatening and portentous tone.Edwards applied masses of descriptive imagery in his sermon to persuade the Puritans back to their congregation. For example, he gave fear to the Puritans through this quote, We find it easy to tread on and crush a worm that we see crawling on the earth, so it is easy for us to cut a singe a slender go that any thing hangs by, thus easy is it for God when he pleases to cast his enemies down to hell (pg. 153) In this quotation, he utilized bright imagery because he wanted the Puritans to visibly imagine what he was saying through his sermon, on how angry God is with them, which made them convert back to Puritanism. Through the use of vivid imagery such as crush a w... ...God, by Jonathan Edwards successfully persuaded the Puritans to be converted back to Puritanism. Through Edwards sermon the Puritans were compelled to renew their faith back to God. Edwards gave the Puritans a sense of realizatio n, which caused them to go back to their congregation. Edwards horrified the Puritans, with his use of vivid and descriptive imagery, which effectively persuaded them to return to the congregation. Through his utilization of numerous loaded and exceedingly emotional diction, he petrified and convinced the Puritans to go back to the church of God. He also gloriously enhances his sermon with his utilization of threatening and fearful tone torture the Puritans and convinces them to be pious once again. Jonathan Edwardss utilization of numerous rhetorical strategies effectively persuaded the Puritans to convert back to their congregations.

Freedom :: Essays Papers

FreedomThis book was written in the middle to late twentieth century. Generally, this book dealt with Indians life history in East Africa. The book is set in native Tanzania where Vassanji was raised after his family moved from his birth address Nairobi. This book is a collection of short stories that chronically move from the narrators early childhood until he returns to his homeland years later to find that much has changed from his childhood.There are many another(prenominal) issues that are intertwined into the text that Vassanji incorporates to relay his stories. Being a part of the lower class Indian community in Tanzania during the 1950s, there is much class struggle. There is an fount early in the book where massive discrimination is evident in the book. Schools went through preparation and drill for the royal visit. But to my great disappointment still the higher forms were allowed to welcome the princess. The narrator overcame this discrimination by working t hrough the crowd and essentially got a glimpse of the young queen. This was one of the more emblematic scenes in the book. The narrator overcame oppression here on a small scale as he later will by leaving Africa and passing to a University in North America.The market place called the Mnuda was a place of massive thievery and just not a good place to go. However, many members of the community would go to the Mnuda to pick up odds and ends. The point is that this is a low class society we are dealing with.Later on there is a mention of green government trucks that randomly show up in the streets of Tanzania during the night. Green government trucks just give the impression that the government has something to aid if they are sending out watchdog trucks to keep an eye on the demos or population. This example just shows the kind of totalitarian government that was in place during the mid-twentieth century in this part of Africa. Just a reminiscent of 1984 and the concept of big brother mentioned in that novel. It seems this type of ruling is in place more or less the narrator at this time.The family of the narrator would go on to have their own lives. When the narrator prepares for going to the University, he talks about his sisters already married.

Overcoming Problems in The Alchemist Essay -- Paulo Coelho

Have you ever encountered problems while trying to fulfill a goal in your life? In the view as The Alchemist, written by Paulo Coelho, a shepherd boy named capital of Chile overcomes obstacles to reach his personal legend. Throughout the book Santiago encounters many friends to help him fulfill his destiny. Santiago encounters many problems throughout the story. He overcomes them with the help of his friends and his wife-to-be. These problems shape Santiago into a dignified man of many traits.The first two obstacles that Santiago faces are that his get down tells him he can not do something that he wants to do and that he wants to pursue his personal legend, but he does not want to hurt those that he loves. For example, Santiagos father said, The people who come here have a lot of money to spend, so they can afford to travel. Amongst us the all ones who can travel are shepherds. Everyone is told by their parents and friends that everything we want to do is impossible. Since Santia go did not have money to spend to travel his only choice was hence to become a shepherd to fulfill his desire. T...

Tea Party Movement Essay -- What is the Tea Party Movement

Due to the weak res publica our of economy over the past several years, many organizations and movements have surfaced in order to attempt to make a change to better our country. One of those organizations is the Tea party and their movement. The Tea Party movement is an effective political thrust in our society because it is respectable, organized, and focused on common issues.According to the official website for the Tea Party movement, it was formed randomly in 2009 from the reaction of the American great deal fiscally irresponsible actions of the federal government, misguided stimulus spending, bailouts, and takeovers of private industry. In an article for PBS from 2010, Dante Chinni writes that there were about 67,000 members of the movement at that time. Since the article is virtually two years old, it can be estimated that the total number of members has grown significantly, especially with the recent downfall of the economy and other political forces. Chin ni goes on to state that much of the movements population is concentrated either in boom towns, which are towns that went through rapid population growth during the housing break in of the early 2000s, rural and agricultural counties, or counties located near armed forces bases.As far as member backgrounds, most Tea Party movement members tend to fall into the same category. In a New York Times article by Kate Zernike and Megan Thee-Brenan, they write that those who identify themselves as apart of the Tea Party are wealthier and more well-educated than the general public. Zernike and Thee-Brenan also state that according to a poll conducted by the Times and CBS parole, most supporters of the movement are snow-white males who are married and over the age of forty-fi... ...bers of Congress a Well-heeled Lot. Los Angeles Times, 05 Jan 2012. Web. 20 Mar 2015. http//articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/05/news/la-pn-tea-party-members-of-congress-a-wellheeled-lot-20120105.Walsh, Kenneth. T ea Party Presidential Candidates Flash and Fade. U.S. News and World Report, 28 Sep 2011. Web. 20 Mar 2015. http//www.usnews.com/news/blogs/Ken-Walshs-Washington/2011/09/28/tea-party-presidential-candidates-flash-and-fade.Wing, Nick. Rudy Giuliani Tea Party Respectable, But Some Members, A Little Crazy. Huffington Post, 25 Jan 2011. Web. 20 Mar 2015. http//www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/25/rudy-giuliani-tea-party-crazy_n_813571.html.Zernike, Kate, and Megan Thee-Brenan. Poll Finds Tea Party Backers Wealthier and More Educated. The New York Times, 14 Apr 2010. Web. 20 Mar 2015. http//www.nytimes.com/2010/04/15/us/politics/15poll.html.

Plato Vs. Aristotle on Art Essay example -- Philosophy

For over two thousand years, various philosophers have questioned the influence of ruse in our society. They have used bunco reasoning, human emotions, and logic to go beyond this world in the search for answers about arts earth. For philosophers, art was not viewed for its own strike, but rather for the question of how art and artists can help make our society more stable for the next generation. Plato, a Greek philosopher who lived during 420-348 B.C. in Athens, and Aristotle, Platos student who argued against his beliefs, have no exceptions to the step they had to take in order to understand the purpose of art and artists. Though these two philosophers made marvelous discoveries about the costence of art, artists, and aesthetic experience, Plato has made his flora more controversial than Aristotle.During the ancient times in Greece, Plato was the first human to document and criticize the existence of art and artists. He mentioned that human art was endlessly in a form of a representation of something else. In one of Platos famous works, he demonstrates the idea of art is like an imitation of character (Blocker 3). In other words, the purpose of art was to represent nature and nothing else. Art was not created for the sake of its own self nor was it created to appreciate its own beauty by any means. Instead, art, usually in forms of writings, paintings, or sculptures, was created to only to represent nature, Gods, emperors, families, or other important individuals. Furthermore, Plato had a very critical view towards the existence art in our society because art makes us more emotional, and our emotions lead to many errors about life. He believed it is our rational thinking, not our emotions or senses, which helps us und... ...ed friendship beyond ordinary peoples understandings. However, in some ways Aristotle did a better job than Plato. As a result, his ideas will continue to exist in this world for the generations yet to come. Works CitedBlocker, H. Gene., and Jennifer M. Jeffers. Contextualizing Aesthetics from Plato to Lyotard. Belmont,CA Wadsworth Pub., 1999. Print.Jones, David. ARISTOTLES AESTHETICS. Rowan University. Ulbery Press, 19 Apr. 2007. Web. 17 Nov. 2011.Havelock, Eric. Views of Republic. Standford Brooke Spencer, Jan.-Feb. 2003. PDF.Lingis, Alphonso. Literary Reference Center - Powered by EBSCOhost. EBSCO Publishing serve well Selection Page. Routledge, 02 Feb. 2004. Web. 17 Nov. 2011.Stecker, Robert. The Journal of Aesthetic Education. Platos Expression about Art 26.1 (1992) 1-122. Jstor. Ithaka, 7 June 1992. Web. 17 Nov. 2011.

Plato Vs. Aristotle on Art Essay example -- Philosophy

For over two thousand years, various philosophers have passed the influence of cheat in our society. They have utilize abstract reasoning, human emotions, and logic to go beyond this world in the search for answers about arts existence. For philosophers, art was not visual senseed for its protest beauty, but rather for the question of how art and artists can help make our society more stable for the next generation. Plato, a Greek philosopher who lived during 420-348 B.C. in Athens, and Aristotle, Platos student who argued against his beliefs, have no exceptions to the steps they had to take in order to understand the purpose of art and artists. Though these two philosophers do marvelous discoveries about the existence of art, artists, and aesthetic experience, Plato has made his works more controversial than Aristotle.During the ancient times in Greece, Plato was the first human to document and criticize the existence of art and artists. He mentioned that human art was always in a form of a representation of something else. In one of Platos famous works, he demonstrates the idea of art is like an unreal of nature (Blocker 3). In other words, the purpose of art was to represent nature and nothing else. Art was not created for the sake of its own self nor was it created to appreciate its own beauty by any means. Instead, art, usually in forms of writings, paintings, or sculptures, was created to only to represent nature, Gods, emperors, families, or other important individuals. Furthermore, Plato had a very critical view towards the existence art in our society because art makes us more emotional, and our emotions lead to many errors about life. He believed it is our rational thinking, not our emotions or senses, which helps us und... ...ed knowledge beyond ordinary peoples understandings. However, in some ways Aristotle did a better job than Plato. As a result, his ideas will push to exist in this world for the generations yet to come. Works CitedBlock er, H. Gene., and Jennifer M. Jeffers. Contextualizing Aesthetics from Plato to Lyotard. Belmont,CA Wadsworth Pub., 1999. Print.Jones, David. ARISTOTLES AESTHETICS. Rowan University. Ulbery Press, 19 Apr. 2007. Web. 17 Nov. 2011.Havelock, Eric. Views of Republic. Standford Brooke Spencer, Jan.-Feb. 2003. PDF.Lingis, Alphonso. Literary Reference Center - Powered by EBSCOhost. EBSCO create Service Selection Page. Routledge, 02 Feb. 2004. Web. 17 Nov. 2011.Stecker, Robert. The Journal of Aesthetic Education. Platos Expression about Art 26.1 (1992) 1-122. Jstor. Ithaka, 7 June 1992. Web. 17 Nov. 2011.

Building & Maintaining Customer Relationships Essay

Company OverviewWal-Mart is the worlds largest retailer company, which has operated on the commercialize since 1962. The existence of much(prenominal) type of stores on the market becomes urgent. This phenomenon can be easily explained by the lowering standards of living and economic slowdowns. The company was found in 1962 in Rogers, are (Wal-Mart, 2005). Its founder, Sam Walton opened the first distribution center in 1970, which was a starting point for further expansion, and in two years it was included in the list on the New York Stock Exchange.Today, nvirtuoso of the discount retailers is much popular than Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart merchandises a wide range of goods from tables to combs. Wal-Mart is the leader of the full-line discounters, with many stores covering 120,000 square feet (or more) of cornerstone space food accounts for about a third of floor space and sales (Wal-Mart Home Page, 2006).Acquisition StrategyWal-Mart uses accomplishment strategy as the important tool to access and penetrate revolutionary markets around the globe and dangle nationally. The first wave of eruditions took place at the end of 1970s when Wal-Mart acquired 16 Mohr-Value stores in Michigan and Illinois (1977), Hutcheson Shoe Company (1978), Woolco stores (1983), Grand Central Stores (1985), Supersaver (1988).Acquisition policy has been undoubtedly the most radical growth strategy open to management in that it represents a deliberate attempt to change the nature of the business (Is Wal-Mart Good for America, 2004). Executives at Wal-Mart spent most of 1990 trying to expand the brands client base, and results have been promising. With hindsight, however, it is clear that Wal-Mart paid too much for the acquisitions. As noted previously, Wal-Mart is currently in the midst of its own financial retrenchment. Acquisition policy occurs when the pertly business is related in virtually way to the old one.The opening up of the market and the resultant increased competition has widened the perspective of the planning example with profound implications for Wal-Mart. During this period of measure, Wal-Mart acquired Western Merchandisers, Inc and McLane Company of Temple (1990), 28 unit of measurements from The Wholesale Club, Inc (1991). During 1990s, Wal-Mart has used acquisition strategy to expand internationally and acquired 122 Woolco stores in Canada (1994), opened new stores in Puerto-Rico (1992) and penetrates Korean and Chinese markets through joint venture strategy, and entered German market in acquiring Wertkauf (1998) and Interspar (1999).For instance, acquisition with Woolco stores allowed Wal-Mart to subject to a complex enjoin framework whereas others are less so (Watch Out Europe hither Comes Wal-Mart, 1999). Still, even if it is possible to predict the inescapably of guest there are some threats and new opportunities, which should be taken into consideration (Oliva, n.d.). There are no specific regulations governing the goals and struct ures of the industry, there is no constitutional restrictions or legislative authority that restricts acquisition (Bianco, Zellner, 2003).In October 09 2006.Black Agenda Radio reported that Wal-Mart was pass to enter Australian market making its first acquisition in Australia this year. They announced that Wal-Mart do investments in Brazilian retail chain Sonae and Central American Retail Holding Company (CARHCO). Also, On 28 July 2006, Wal-Mart announced it will exit the German retail market by selling its 85 Supercenters to retailer Metro AG on the back of pre-tax losses of approximately U.S. $1 billion on its German operations (Wal-Marts Germany Exit, 2006). So, acquisition strategy employed by Wal-Mart provides the buyer with quick growth as well as access to animate brand suppliers, distributors, and goods.Retention StrategyUnlike the transactional, functionally-orientated approach, relationship trade in food retailing industry is a cross-functional process concerned with balancing selling efforts among key markets. To create a winning customer retention strategy, Wal-Mart expends its product lines and improves its customer services. For instance, Wal-Mart implemented RFDI solutions and handheld computers linked to in-store computers which helped to transform its business worldwide (RFID to Transform, 2004).The might of retention strategy is that it is on average as dependent on reliable information technology as any other businesses. They care more about reliable service and confidence than about the lowest price. The company implemented IT supply chain solutions and Internet facilities in order to meet customers needs and requirements. A critical issue within the customer market domain in the USA is to ensure that customer retention as well as customer acquisition is emphasized. Recognition of the significant link between customer retention and profitability is leading to new and better strategies for strengthening customer satisfaction and fait hfulness (RFID to Transform Real-Time, 2004).Branding, advertising, promotion, and additional services to customers and product innovation strengthen the companys image (Sell Your Product, 2004). In-Store Checkout TV Channels are introduced in dissimilar locations around the country aimed improve customer service and engage customers in buying process. This strategy decreases time and efforts that customers must expend to learn about the products. Wal-Mart reduces prices seasonally in order to attract new customers and benefit existing buyers.Wal-Marts customers evaluate an item of a given specification in terms of its number expected be, i.e. acquisition price plus any necessary additional expenses associated with an item it can be installation, running and maintenance costs, all discounted to the present time in order to take account of cash flows over a period of time.In the same way the cost of a transport presence or service may be expressed in terms of the original price of acquisition plus any additional and necessary costs or expenses (Brown Quintin, 2000). It is possible to distinguish two aspects of costs price and expenses. Trying to provide customer service an organization considers these two measurements. In evaluating an organization, customers consider or respond to these two measurements. Mobile computing and increased staffing for weekends help to overcome retention and improve customer service (The Big Secret Is Continue 2006).Strengths and Weaknesses of Wal-Marts Acquisition and RetentionThe main strength of Wal-Mart acquisition and retention strategies is that they improve companys position on the market they are customer-oriented and help Wal-Mart to expend internationally. Also, the management team of Wal-Mart takes into consideration that direct Investment involves several distinct forms. Ranging from a sales/marketing subsidiary through to a fully operational manufacturing unit producing the same products as the domestic plant, inv estment includes product specific manufacturing units, plants producing components and facilities which simply assemble products in the end-user market (Davison, Smith, 2005).At the very beginning the strengths included highschool potential to growth and profitability of the company, and professional management team, customer loyalty and excellent service. It is targeted at the customers, which buy discounted and unpackaged goods from manufactures at extremely low prices (The Ever-Expanding Empire, 2004). For Wal-Mart, acquisition and retention strategies help to save millions of dollars on advertising and market penetration. Wal-Mart plans on a combination of forecasting and budgeting systems can only work if the future is going to be the same as the present or the past. Wal-Mart will succeed in reducing costs in the next few years of the decade by international acquisition strategies.The main weaknesses include negative attitude of foreign competitors and strict government regula tions restricted foreign ownership in some countries. For instance, in 2002 Wal-Marts attempts to buy Supermercados Amigo in Puerto Rico were blocked in order to prevent anti-competition policies and foreign dominance of Wal-Mart. Also, Wal-Mart has made attempts to acquire Aholds operations in Argentina, Brazil and Peru. Another weakness of Wal-Mart is comparatively low wages which increase dissatisfaction with its policies (Is Wal-Mart Good for America, 2004).This situation negatively affects companys image and causes critics in press. Changes in legislation and international regulations can weaken Wal-Marts global presence and limits its acquisition plans. For instance, the end of 1990s was marked by the changes on the European market which altered many of the parameters of competition and thus enforced a period of reassessment and adaptation (Person of the Week, 2006).RecommendationsTaking into account current acquisition and retention strategies and activities, the outmatch co llusions for Wal-Mart are planning for competitiveness and are actively involved in re-investing profits in new critical assets. Wal-Mart may choose to concentrate on its loading strengths and rationalize its portfolio, focus its activities on a particular geographic area or centre on a particular user segment. Wal-Mart, as a result of being able to adapt to changing competitive demands, is likely to survive in the long term. The changes can be incremental or major(ip) in their nature, but each type provides specific advantages to deliver customer satisfaction.It is possible to conclude that effective international and national marketing depends upon effective marketing system employed by a company. The company needs better management facilities outside the USA to control and monitor performance around the world. For Wal-Mart acquisition should be key market-entry strategy that entails purchasing multiple existing outlets in a foreign and domestic market. CRM (customer relationship management) can be seen as one of the main tool to improve current service and attract potential target audience. Maintenance of high standards is a key factor to improve customer service.ReferencesBianco, A., Zellner, W. Is Wal-Mart too powerful? Business Week, October 6, 2003, p.5.The Big Secret Is Continue to Do What You Do Best. Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), November 28, 2005, p. 3.Black Agenda Radio. Wal-Marts siege in Chicago. KPFK, October 09, 2006.Brown, R., St Quintin, R.E. Distribution Sector Faces Major Impact.The Birmingham Post (England), February 17, 2000, p. 41.Davison, J., Smith, S.E. (2005). Wal-Mart Finds Dominance Harder to Achieve in Europe. 2 Sept. Gartner Research. Available at gartner.com/resources/ 130800/130826/walmart_finds_d.pdfThe Ever-Expanding Empire after Wal-Mart Chief talks to Key Men in Europe He Has a Big Message for His Shareholders. The Evening Standard (London, England), May 27, 2004, p. 40.Is Wal-Mart Good for America? TV course of i nstruction Online Nov 16, 2004. Available at http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/walmart/8. Oliva, S.M. Price Check on Antitrust WalMarts Acquisition of Britains Safeway PLC. Capitalism Magazine. Available at http//www.capmag.com/article.asp?ID=2394Person of the Week. Braun and Dolores Hummel. rudiments World News Tonight. Monday, October 09, 2006.RFID to Transform Real-Time Business across Industries SAP Exec Says Technology Has a Big Future Business Impact. Manila publicise August 30, 2004, p. 4Sell Your Product the Wal-Mart Way. Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), September 13, 2004, p. 3.Wal Mart. 2005. May, 21. Available at http//www.datamonitor.com/e923bef8274740fc8a14e76a70d51687/companies/company/?pid=8046847E-B325-4AF0-BC79-48100850E764Watch Out Europe Here Comes Wal-Mart. Business Week Online. June 28, 1999. Available at http//www.businessweek.com/1999/99_26/b3635129.htmWal-Mart Home Page. 2006. Available at http//www.walmartstores.com/wmstore/wmstores/HomePag e.jspWal-Marts Germany Exit Reflects on Its Market Entry Strategy. 2006. Gartner. Available at http//www.gartner.com/DisplayDocument?doc_cd=142370

Maintain Medicare Essay

Like it or not we are totally aging It is a scary thought for some. However, knowing that my grandparents, parents, and unmatched day myself will have the option to obtain Medicare is very comforting. Medicare is a federal wellness care program that was put in place by Congress in 1965 to provide health insurance to Americans sixty-five and above. Medicare was then expanded in 1972 to also cover younger individuals who are disabled (Kaiser, 2012). conventional Medicare provides coverage to all Americans sixty-five and older without taking into account income. Prior to Medicare a whopping fifty percent of seniors lacked health coverage (Center for Medicare Advocacy, 2009) To think of all the individuals who could not afford health care or had preexisting health problems and where unable to be cared for is simply unacceptable. Private insurances felt taking care of those with anterior illnesses and people sixty-five and older would be too costly.Medicare has put a stop to that issue . With this federal health care program Americans have a enduring sense of security knowing that their insurance will not revoke their benefits if an illness arises or too many claims come about. It is my strong belief that subsequently working forty years or more Americans have earned the right to have health care insurance. People deserve to reap the benefits of having salaried their taxes for at least ten years. As a result of the new health reform there will be some changes happening to Medicare.To correct early detection there will be annual well-visit checkups, colorectal cancer screenings, mammograms, and colonoscopies covered by Medicare (Health Policy Briefs, 2010). Due to early detection of degenerative illnesses which inevitably cost billions, such as heart disease and diabetes will be lowered. The initial goal of Medicare still stands today, to provide fair access to health care, through a stable unified program (Center for Medicare Advocacy, 2009). It is imperative that we stick together as a nation to maintain Medicare for our future. Health Care be A Primer (2012).Retrieved from www.kff.org/insurance/7670.cfm Health Policy Briefs. (2010). http//www.healthaffairs.org/healthpolicybriefs/brief.php?brief_id=17. Center for Medicare Advocacy. (2009). http//www.medicareadvocacy.org/InfoByTopic/Reform/10_07.29.Medicares45thAnniversary.

Music Is a Form of Media Essay

Thesis sentence medical specialty is a form of media that bear influence and define your life. Listening to music can be a good way to feel better about yourself and those around you. Music, as media, has a huge effect on how a person behaves. The type of music a person listen to can either relax them or put them on edge. The difference is how the music is accepted. Music also has a properly way of bringing back memories and emotions, such as a song played at a wedding that shows love and passion.Sometimes music exit remind you of hard times and bad memories of a break up from a spouse or sufficient other or maybe the conclusion of a love one. Most people do not know the impact music has on ones life. Music can be used to charm humans and animals alike. The studies has shown that humans and animals can be influenced by the sound and pattern found in music.An example is the King cobra being trance by a snake charmer using music to put him into a trance. Upon hearing the music th e cobra goes into a trance tamed as can be. In summary it is not hard to see how much influence music has. As a form of media, music has the ability to influence an case-by-case as well as those around him. We all sh are a common connection through music both humans and animals alike are bound to the power and influence of music.

Buddhism vs. Hinduism

Both Buddhism and Hinduism ar widely practiced religions of the world. No angiotensin-converting enzyme is completely certain of where Hinduism was started and by whom it was led. However, today Hinduism is the third largest religion of the world. And with the departure of time many changes and alterations have been made in this religion. Most importantly, Hinduism includes many different beliefs and dominations that have arisen. Even though there are many public things exist in different Hinduism sects and their beliefs are tied to some extents.The Vedas is considered the oldest written document of Hinduism and it was being written in 1000 B. C but had existed by word of mtabooh long before. On the other hand, Buddhism is a transformed version of Hinduism. Buddhism was founded by Gautama the Buddha. Buddhism is known for its Middle Path that which neither promotes extreme asceticism nor absolute hedonism nonetheless still leads to nirvana. In addition, the Buddha promoted the 8 fold raceway, that of right thinking, right effort, right speech, right of understanding, right of livelihood, right of concentration and right of mindfulness.Though the Buddhism or the middle path discouraged the concept of and external God waiting to mete honour or penalisement, besides, it strongly believed in the cycle of reincarnation finishing which a quester could achieve nirvana, the ultimate enlightenment. Both Hinduism and Buddhism arose in South Asia, and thus stem from a similar culture and philosophy. Difference between Buddhism and Hinduism Buddhism believes in soul and count and there is no place for God, besides this Hinduism considers God as the creator of the universe.In contrast, Buddhism denies the Vedas authority and dislikes animal sacrifice, while Hinduism believes in the authority of Vedas and attaches special signifi arseholece to the Vedic rituals. Buddhism does not believe in the superiority of the Brahmans or any caste distinctions, while Hinduism p uts emphasis on the caste system and considers the same bed swing of the whole friendly system. Buddhism is missionary religion which aims at converting entire mankind to the doctrines of Buddha while Hinduism never seeks converts and it has no definite organization like the Buddhist sangha.A individualized element is introduced by Buddhism in the form of Buddha as the saviours, while there are no such personal elements in Hinduism. (Nerox, pg, 1) On matters of social social organisation Hinduism and Buddhism differ greatly. The two religions also distinguish because Buddhism emphasizes and Hinduism omits individual freedom to progress socially and spiritually in the current life. In comparing the two religions, one can easily find why it is that Hinduism has showed the more stable and Buddhism the more humanitarian philosophy.The caste system is the outstanding instance of Hinduisms establishment tendencies. If casting among Hindus sects they can be divided into four major clas ses, Shudra, Brahman, Vaishya and Kshatriya, or people outside of all the classes. However members belong to different castes have different duties. In Hinduism normally the Caste is determined by birth, and it does not allowing individual freedom, social advancement and career choice. Moreover, the castes are socially ranked, forming an upper as well as refuse social division.Caste, then, determines ones potential education, ones profession, ones social position, even defining these limitations for your children. These social restrictions are reinforced by the idea that caste is determined by sins or virtues in a previous life how well one satisfied his dharma in the past. In addition, the responsibilities of ones current caste also constitute the dharma which will further punish or advance one in your next life. Put differently, exceeding ones dharma in not only unnecessary, but likely will hurt your dharma, causing you to fall into a lower caste in your next life.This intertwini ng of social strata with religion creates a fatalism derived from inevitable destiny, guilt complexes of past life caste determination, a philosophy of acceptance, and fear of punishment for transcending ones dharma. In this light, Hinduism becomes a tremendous force for stagnation, eliminating the initiative for progress in a philosophy of acceptance which breeds apathy for social justice. Such a pervasive philosophy becomes an asset to the status quo and ruling stratum, stabilizing the social structure at the expense of individuals.(Hinduism and Buddhism a comparison) In contrast, in the social or political structure of a society Buddhism plays little role. Buddhism in reality began as a reaction to the violence of Hindu society, including the immorality of the caste system. Buddhism focuses not on the society, but on e rattling single person, hence divorcing religion from the interests of the ruling stratum. Even though the Buddhism does see life as pain and suffering and renasc ence as a renewal of this suffering, there is a possible escape.If one resigns his attachment to hope and self, Nirvana, or escape from the cycles of suffering, is not impossible. The most significant aspect of Nirvana, nevertheless, is its unobstructed access to people of any social background. Put differently, although a Hindu untouchable cannot perhaps advance in this life through any extraordinary attempt of his own. In this regard, any Buddhist can attain Nirvana through the 4 Noble Truths and the eight-fold Path, realizations essential of suffering and the methods to remove all suffering.A significant indicator of the contrast between Buddhism and Hinduism arises in their historical relationship. Buddhism, naturally, arose as a reform movement out of Hinduism. This in itself inclines to put Buddhism in a more convinced light as the religion that incorporated Hindu beliefs while excluding the negative aspects of Hinduism. Certainly, this turns out to be the case when the caste system can be studied thoroughly. While Hinduism not only perpetuates, but is itself the caste system, Buddhism absolutely rejects any system of caste.During the decree of Ashoka Buddhism in reality reached high levels of support, which followed the Buddhist concept of ahimsa, or non violence, and its tendency toward greater equality. The good looks of a philosophy/religion of peace and general freedom, including a refusal of the social stigmas of caste for untouchables and lower caste members, brought thousands of converts. Again, nevertheless, the historical relationship of Buddhism and Hinduism depicts the inherent malleability and intensity of Hinduism.Furthermore, the Buddha was made an avatar of Vishnu in order to incorporate the Buddhist movement into Hinduism. The Buddhists consider the world to be full of sorrow and regard ending the sorrow as the chief aim of human life. The Hindus consider that there are four chief aims (arthas) in life which every being should pursue. They are dharma (religious duty), artha (wealth or material possessions), kama (desires and passions) and moksha (salvation. ) (Hinduism vs Buddhism Hinduism and Buddhism Compared) ConclusionThe two Buddhism and Hinduism religions are very alike, and yet very different. They strive for an inner peace and at last to reach heaven through either moksha or nirvana. Culture plays a tremendous role in determining your beliefs. Both Hinduism and Buddhism religions seem to have components which would do the West good to learn, but only Buddhism religion lacks any large scale negative repercussions for its followers. Furthermore, Hinduism and Buddhism are two major religions, firmly planted in their cultures, and It looks that they will remain for a long time to come.Works Cited Hinduism and Buddhism a comparison http//sc. essortment. com/hinduismandbud_rtqs. htm Accessed, June 15, 2007 Hinduism vs Buddhism Hinduism and Buddhism Compared http//www. experiencefestival. com/a/Hinduism_vs_Buddh ism/id/54137 Accessed, June 15, 2007 Nerox (11 May 2007), ledger Article What are the similarities and differences between Buddhism and Hinduism, (page, 1) White, Sharon. (n. d. ), Journal Article Buddhism and Hinduism Differences and Similarities, (page, 1)

Psychological Effect Essay

Most traffickers recruit their victims between the ages of 6 to 24, beca utilisation a young victim will easily succumb to thread and give in. They be forced into heavy physical labor in hazardous environments. Many are also taught the use of weapons and are recruited as soldiers in armed conflicts. According to statistics by the U. S. Department of State, globally, 2 million children are trafficked into the sex trade each year. The children suffer from lack of self-esteem, emotional disturbance, disorientation, and depression and are scarred for life.They develop deep psychological disorders that they struggle with for the rest of their lives even if they have been rescued. Psychological vulnerability hinders them from having a healthy state of mind in the future. The children are likely to become withdrawn and tend to be suicidal. Any children born to the victims of prostitution are examinen away at the time of tolerate causing further mental agony to the mothers. In fact, the longer the victims have been enslaved, greater will be their traumatic experience.Health Effects benignant Trafficking, Human Misery, a book written by Alexis Aronowitz, states that an estimated 80% victims of trafficking are sexually exploited, abused or forced into prostitution as most victims are young women and children. Such a victim probably might have to cater to anywhere between 8 to 15 clients in a day. The use of sexual protection is negligible in this industry, leaving the exploited at a high risk of contracting various sexually transmitted diseases and humanity immunodeficiency virus/AIDS that they further pass on to the men and their partners. In some cases, victims are also subjected to substance abuse by being forced to take drugs.Such individuals also have to constantly battle with drug addiction. Improper supply of meals and the lack of nutritious food causes malnourishment in these entrapped victims. Poor life-time conditions also contribute to the development of various diseases that these victims suffer from in later years. The victims are not given any medical aid to cure these ailments. Those recruited in chemical factories are treated like modern-day slaves and when they succumb to occupational diseases, are quickly replaced by another batch of victims.Societal EffectsThe victims whitethorn be used as bonded labor in their own country or transported to another country whereupon arrival, their passports and migration documents are taken away from them, leaving them at sea and immobile. Sadly, they are often charged as collaborators of the crimes rather than being seen as victims. They are kept in very poor conditions with sub-standard clothing and food, unhygienic sustenance conditions and no provision for healthcare. They are also often physically and sexually abused by their employers and clients for non-compliance with demands.This is a very gruesome picture of the face of our society, screen behind a wall. Another point to be n oted here is that the victims are deprived of education and all human rights. The victims always struggle to illuminate acceptance in society from the stigma after being rescued. This illegal trafficking often intermingles with other crimes such as smuggling of drugs and ammunition. Corruption is so general in our world that the greed for wealth only further encourages trafficking of humans to flourish, with no barriers. In such a scenario, the development of a stable and stalwart society seems like a distant dream.Economic EffectsAccording to the International Labor Organization (ILO), human trafficking generates $31. 6 billion estimated illicit dough worldwide As calculated by the CIA, a trafficker earns up to $250,000 per victim of the sex trade in a year. Of this sum, the victim is paid a trivial amount or nothing at all on the pretext of clearing up debts and paying for expenses such as food, clothing and lodging. The victims of thrall are also paid very meager wages for s trenuous physical labor which prevents them from fleeing. Availability of such cheap labor hinders employment opportunities and subsequently, reduces per capita income of the nation.The fiscal repercussions cannot be overlooked. In fact, the network of traffickers has gained immense financial strength which allows such illegal activities to thrive without the fear of truth. Illegal immigration is also a brat to national security and a cause of concern for governments worldwide. It gives rise to other ills such as terrorism, poverty, poor standard of living, unemployment, expanding population, wastage of resources, high crime rates, and lack of enforcement of law and order in the country. These factors slow down the economic growth of the nation.Often, the victims are subjugated by the burden of debts and pressured into forced labor. Debt bondage is a criminal villainy in the United States and yet everyday people are being enslaved for it. The wealth gains from trafficking are red irected to legal activities by investing in businesses or bread and butter public affairs in order to launder that money. Along with forced cheap labor, this creates unnecessary competition for genuine businesses. But, above all, the loss of valuable human resources is the most regrettable. It is an undue waste of productivity and development. In fact, it is a disgrace to humanity.

Leadership Management

APPLIED LEADERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT COURSE BUS3023 ASSIGNMENT 3 credit Please complete the by-line fix manpowert and mail it with the copy of the assignment to be marked and for comments. Please wont your discretion to determine the length of your answer. sustenance the avocation criteria in mind Did I demonstrate my knowledge and insight? Will the tutor be satisfied that I croupe apply the reading (Skills)? Write answers in your own words as far as possible and refrain from copying from text keeps/handouts. 1. Define leadinghip. The process of influencing multitude temporary hookup operating to meet organisational gather upments and improving the organization by means of transmit. 2. Name the cinque practices of exemplary leadinghiphip. * Model the trend * Inspire a sh ard imaging * Ch all toldenge the Process * Enable other to act * Encourage the he cunning 3. Explain the race among management, vision and planning. * Management involves all the under victor iouss consume planning, organizing, supremacy, coordination and misre baffle to function flop, by revolve arounding on producing change by pauseing a vision for the future along with strategies for bringing about the changes needed to turn over that vision. . Does every manager need to be a leader? Explain. * All secure managers atomic number 18 leading to various degrees. They need to carry out their leaders visions by creating their own visions that post the larger vision, and accordingly getting their expireers to accomplish the vision. For example, Howard Schultz, of Starbucks Coffee Comp few(prenominal), had a vision of 2000 stores by the year 2000. This vision became one of the driving forces so-and-so the companys success. Did Howard Schultz build those 2000 stores himself? No fashionSchultzs vision was achieved by managers and supervisors through and throughout the organization who had smaller scale visions that directly supported his 2000 by 2000 vision. T hey got these visions accomplished by delegation the means and authority to their subordinates. These managers and supervisors a corresponding supported their employees by giving them the means and chance to grow by coaching and mentoring and providing training, growing, and education opportunities. * A CEO slew non be the sole leader of a large organization. There be simply to many leaders tasks that must be accomplished leader gage non do all of them herself. 5. It has been identified that there be 6 Pillars of Character that are important to adopting and ethical perspective in leadership information. Can you name four of the sestet? a) Trustworthiness, Respect, Responsibility, Fairness, Caring and Citizenship b) Ruthlessness, Drive, Determination, Toughness, obligeive, Action oriented c) Supportive, Intelligent, Insightful, Good Communicator, Toughness, Fair d) Caring, Softness, Intelligent, Decisive, Team Player, Communicator 6. Define * Vision The ability to concei ve of about or plan the future with fancy or wisdomthe organization had lost its vision and direction * Mission * a strongly felt aim, ambition, or calling his main mission in life has been to cut unemployment * Strategy * A plan of action or policy intentional to achieve a major or overall aim. * The art of planning and directing overall military operations and movements in a war or battle * leadership Values. * Leaders know what they value. They also allow the importance of ethical behaviour.The best leaders exhibit both their nonplus and their ethics in their leadership room and actions. Your leadership ethics and values should be visible because you live them in your actions every single day. 7. What concepts of leadership are important to explain the difference in focus of leadership compared to management? * Leadership and management must go hand in hand, however they are NOT identical. Both are needed and they are linked and complement individually other. Any attempt to separate the two is likely to cause more(prenominal) riddles in a trade without solving any. Many debates took place and is still taking place regarding the differences. Simply put the managers job is to plan, organize and coordinate and the leaders role is to inspire and motivate * The celebrateing is from book published in 1989 written by Warren Bennis namely On Becoming a Leader, he composed a list of the differences as listed under * The manager administers the leader innovates. * The manager is a copy the leader is an original. * The manager maintains the leader develops. * The manager focuses on systems and structure the leader focuses on muckle. The manager relies on control the leader inspires trust. * The manager has a unforesightful-range view the leader has a long-range perspective. * The manager asks how and when the leader asks what and wherefore. * The manager has his or her eye eer on the bottom line the leaders eye is on the horizon. * The manager imita tes the leader originates. * The manager accepts the status quo the leader challenges it. * The manager is the classic nifty soldier the leader is his or her own soulfulness. * The manager does things right the leader does the right thing. 8.In which focusing do you see that new technologies leave affect leadership and leaders? * I do not see technologies affecting leaders, or people for that matter. What I do see are good leaders achieving their objects by selecting the right lances (technology) to achieve their goals. Good leaders focus upon their goals and then do what is necessary to achieve it they do not pick a technology and then try to achieve rough goal with it. 9. What is the difference between Inter psycheal skills and Personal Learning Skills? * Inter someoneal Skills- The skills used by a individual to properly interact with others.In the product line domain, the term worldwidely refers to an employees ability to get along with others while getting the job don e. * Personal Learning Skills Is the way that a mortal will learn something either by making notes, creating a mind map, etc. 10. Write an essay of (one) A4 Page on the importance of the individual indoors the context of ag convention practices. Organisations are made up of individuals brought unneurotic to enable the organisation to achieve its mission. The organisations structure will determine how these individuals are brought together and how they relate to one another.The success of the organisation is dependent on each individual dallying together to achieve the common goal. If individuals are pulling in unlike directions, this will switch a detrimental impact upon the organisation achieving its mission. It is the role of the manager to integrate the activities of individuals, ensuring that they are aware of the institutions priorities and that they are working towards them. Managers achieve this through the authority delegated to them indoors the organisations hierar chy. We are all incompatible.We differ in many ways, some of them visual (age, gender) some of them non-visual (personality, abilities). These differences mean that we often obligate different values and attitudes on certain issues and individuals will perceive situations in different ways. It arouse be inte bideing and rewarding to discuss a straighten outic from another exhibit of view and to gain insight into other perspectives. simply revolution cease also be challenging and it ignore sometimes be difficult to generalise things from a different point of reference.From an individual perspective, it is important to under sustain and appreciate that not everyone will see things or value the things that you do, nor agree with your opinions. Different jobs require different abilities, skills and competencies. When we assign someone to a job that does not match their abilities, because the job is either not sufficiently demanding or too demanding, the result female genital organ be frustration and direction for both the individual and their work colleagues. In a situation where an individuals abilities do not match the requirements of the job because they are in some way overlooking, then the individual will determine out of their depth.This has an impact on the individual who feels unable to complete their tasks to the need and expected levels of per conventionance. The squad up will also be affected by the situation. They will often have to relieve oneself on extra work and duties in order to support their colleague. In a situation where an individuals abilities exceed those required for the job, then the individual whitethorn find the job too easy and create bored. This leads to a lack of enthusiasm and care for the job and a sense of frustration for the individual feeling unable to achieve their potential.Again this frustration impacts upon the rest of the multitude up and ultimately their performance. underscore is a very individual c oncept and our responses to it can vary considerably. We all find different situations stressful and we all react to them in a figure of ways. about people are stress victims. They perceive al near about every situation in life as a threat and they respond minusly to situations causing them anxiety, anger, self-doubt or frustration. Others view situations more positively. They assess situations and channel their energies into a proactive response spurring them on to achieve their goals.Our response to stress depends on a balance between how demanding a potentially stressful situation is perceived to be and our ability to cope with it. Too big an imbalance and we will suffer negative stress. This ability to cope with stress is influenced by our outlook on life, our health and our support system which events friends and relatives. Therefore, a situation that may be stressful to one individual, may be exhilarating and exciting to another, and indeed our reactions to stressful si tuations and how we cope with them varies throughout our life 11. Describe the three vital dimensions of squad up learning. First, there is a need to think insightfully about complex issues * Teams must learn how to tap the potential for many minds to be more sharp than one mind * Second, there is a need for innovative, coordinated action * Third, there is the role of aggroup members on other teams * A learning team fosters other learning teams through inculcating the practices and skills of team learning 12. Explain the requirements for leadership team learning. * Leadership in a non-team work environment is a point down structure where rules, not principles, govern fortuneicipation.In a team culture, leaders, guided by their principles of involvement, work to help team members find a level of sureness, trust, and cooperation so that they can achieve high levels of production * Both managing a department and leading a team involve the following skills and activities * Provi ding direction and leadership to others * training * Meeting goals and objectives * Managing activities/tasks * Working with people * The trace difference lies in the responsibility for performance management. * Team leaders, on the other hand, are responsible for leading teams of people who may not report to them. Without organisational authority, team leaders must influence others and inspire them to meet the goals of the initiative or project. * Following are louver critical team leadership skills that will help team leaders (and managers) strongly influence and demonstrate keep an eye on for their team members. * Understanding behavioural styles * perceive and effectively communicating * Giving praise * Handling * criticism * Using problem solving and persuasion instead of Criticism 13. What is the relationship between leaders and followers? Many people make mistake to separate leaders and followers. I think that no matter what position one has within an organization, he/ she is playing a followers role to support someone else. Great leaders of an organization are following the profitable goals of their stakeholders. For a excerptbusiness, followers need to be effective and supportive for their leaders to be roaring. Nevertheless, followers are more effective if they consider themselves active and independent * It is more important in my opinion that how followers view of their leaders is. According to Yukl et al. 2010), leaders effectiveness implies leader competence and intentions in the view of the followers. chase who are closed to their leaders are often the most susceptible to the crucibles of their failed leaders. Additionally, followers who are so committed to their leaders are the most frustrate people when they see their leaders fail. 14. Distinguish between the following types of teams * Problem Solving Teams * A free radical of individuals assembled to work on a project that involves decide one or more issues that have already arise n or to deal effectively with issues as they arise.In a business context, a problem solving team will typically be formed for a limited time frame incorporating staff from different organisational levels with various relevant skill tack togethers. * puzzle Functional Teams * Let us understand this with the help of an example. * Maria and Andy both were part of the branding team. They got an assignment from their superiors to be completed within two days. unfortunately Andy met with an accident and was advised complete bed rest. To avoid delays, Peter from the operations team was shifted to the marketing team to assist Maria for the time being and form a team.Such teams are called cross functional teams. Ideally the employees should be more or less on the same level to avoid ego hassles. Individuals from different areas come and work together for a common objective to form a cross functional team. In such(prenominal) teams, people from different areas, interests and likings cent er hands to come out with a unique idea to successfully complete a task. * Virtual Teams * Virtual teams consist of individuals who are separated by distances and tie ined through computer. Here individuals communicate with each other online through internet.Sam at Los Angeles can form a team with Mandy at Mexico and Sara at capital of Colorado all working for a common objective only when the communication is totally digital through internet. Such teams are helpful when employees need to connect with each other and are located at different places. Individuals supporting any community in social networking sites such as facebook or orkut also form a virtual team as all the members are from different locations but support a common community. They all have a common objective -to support and promote their community. * Research and development Teams Investigative activities that a business chooses to conduct with the intention of making a discovery that can either lead to the developmen t of new products or procedures, or to improvement of existing products or procedures. Research and development is one of the means by which business can experience future growth by developing new products or processes to improve and expand their operations. * Self Managed Teams * Self Managed Teams consist of individuals who work together again for a common purpose but without the supervision of any leader. Here as the name suggests every individual is accountable for his individual performance.The team members of self managed teams must respect each other and should never loose focus on their target. No leader is appointed and the team members have to take their own responsibility. Individuals take the initiative on their own and are their own guides and mentors. 15. What do you understand by Quality feat Collaboration? * Quality Performance is also referred to as quality of service. Quality performance can be assessed through measurements of physical products, statistical sampl ing of the output of processes, or through surveys of purchasers of goods or services. Collaboration is working with each other to do a task. It is a recursive process where two or more people or organizations work together to realize pctd goals, (this is more than the intersection of common goals seen in co-operative ventures, but a deep, collective, determination to reach an identical objective 16. Explain in your own words the phases of the mentoring relationship. * Building a relationship between the mentor and mentee * Discussing and developing clear expectations between the parties * The development of the Mentee * Closing of Ending the Formal Metor Mentee relationship 17.Why is the development leadership effectiveness important in the 21st Century? * The quality of leadership is an important element in an organizations success, since leaders influence employees to work together toward the fulfilment of a companys mission and the achievement of its goals 18. Describe the two leadership functions needed for effective root performance. Must the leader perform both of these functions? * To act as a counsellor of the people at work When the subordinates face problems at work, which may be technical or emotional, the leader has to guide and advise the subordinate concerned.There may be situation which are out of control, in that situation, leader must stand behind the subordinate to encourage and support and find a solution for the problem. * Time Management Leader must ensure the timely goal of the work while ensuring the quality and efficiency of the work. At different stages, the work should be complete according to the plan. The timely completion of the individual tasks will ensure the completion of the sort work. Leader should monitor and ensure the individual task at different stages are accomplished as per the plan. In my personal view I would think that a leader should perform in both of these mentioned functions 19. What is the situational leade rship theory? How should the managers style vary in each of the four phases? * Situational Leadership Theory (S. L. T. ) is the idea that changing conditions often call for a rapidly evolving strategy with tactics to support the evolution of the team to meet the present challenges. S. L. T. also suggests that great leaders will recognize the special talents strengths of each team member and then adjust the tactical maneuvers around the strengths of each team member and the collective team. 0. In what ways, if any, have your views on leaders and leadership changed as a result of this course? Which leadership style do you feel is best suited to you? Which style would you be most likely to use? How flexible in leadership style do you believe you are? Do you think your answers to these questions will affect your career choice(s)? 21. Create a leadership time line for yourself (beginning with the end of high school) that depicts important turning points in your development as a manageri al leader. Think of where you have been and where you are today on the time line.What do you expect it to look like in quin days? Ten years? 22. Describe in short the four principal forces of change. * Globalization * A convergence of international activities such as the enlarge in overseas production of goods and services increasing consumer demands in emerging markets worldwide declining barriers to international trade aided by rapidly changing technology, have created a globalized economy in which inter-dependency among countries has emerged as the norm today * Technological Change * Technology is like a two-edged sword that can make our lives easier or worse.The Internet has revolutionized the way in which information is exchanged, communication facilitated and commerce conducted. Technology is rapidly changing and effective management demands more knowledge in these areas in order for companies to manage their resources and develop, maintain or keep their competitive edge. * While technology has enabled firms to save time and money by conducting business such as negotiations, trade, and commerce in real time, it can also facilitate the dissemination of sensitive information about a companys practices, trade secrets and new product development in a matter of seconds. Knowledge Management * Driving forces such as shifts in buyer demographics and preferences technology, product and market innovation changes in society, consumer attitudes and life style all demand new ideas. This has created a need for knowledge workers. * Knowledge workers comprise a companys intellectual capital and are made up of germinal people with novel ideas and problem-solving skills. Managing its knowledge as fixates can give a company a competitive edge as it effectively utilizes the expertise, skills, intellect, and relationships of members of the organization. * Cross-boundaries Collaboration An important part of knowledge management is effectively managing organization-wide collaboration. Use of appropriate technology and applications such as a virtual private networks VoIP, e-mail, social networking websites such as looking Book, and even company-sponsored blogs can facilitate communication between an organization and its stakeholders, and help in different types of internal and external collaborative processes. An example of a tool that can be used in cross-boundaries collaboration might be an easily accessible online database that provides a central source of information to employees, customers, or suppliers. 3. before long profile your companys primary shareholders. What are their sit downment objectives? How lots influence do they currently exert? If your organization is not publicly traded, come out the key stakeholders. How influential are they in the day-to-day operations? How might the influence of the key shareholders or stakeholders change in the next five years? With this level of analysis of the forces acting upon your company, what mu st the organization do differently in order to effectively address these influences? Where do you fit into that picture? 24.What are the values that drive you in your job? 25. How do you keep peoples loyalty in a company that is downsizing? * Leadership is more about enable people to do their best and become the best, than it is about loyalty. Leaders inspire people while managers set polices that buy loyalty. Besides, organizations that have effective leaders throughout their organization will find themselves downsizing much less than organizations that are lacking leaders. That is because they will be performing the necessary steps to carry them on to the visions they have created.Also, if you have good leaders throughout the organization, you are going to find yourself doing the right things if and when it becomes cost-cutting time being honest and compassionate 26. Is there any index of success for turning common managers into leaders, i. e. , a tax of effectiveness of training ? * Im not so sure if there is an index, since this type of training go more into the development category, which can be extremely hard to measure at times. For example, if you train someone to operate a forklift, you can then go to the job site to see if that person actually learner some new skills.But observing someone to see if they have gained some leadership skills is much more difficult. How do you effectively measure their visioning skills? Also, developing a leader is not accomplished in a two-week leadership course that is where they learn the basics. The rest of what they learn comes through a trial and error period of practice. However, there are indicators that show how much value organizations place on leadership skills * The bump into 2, 1999 edition of the NewsEdge had a story on an international study conducted by the HayGroup for Fortune magazine.They found that corporate cultures of the worlds most admired companies are alike in many ways, but also differ from th ose of an average company. * This study reveals that the sovereign values in the worlds most admired companies are teamwork, customer focus, innovation unclouded treatment of employees, global reach, and vision. These are in general leadership skills * In average companies, the overriding values are making budget, supporting the decisions of management, and minimizing risks. While these are mainly management skills * Great companies have leaders while average companies are run by managers Also, Aon Consulting of Chicago reported that the croak five rationalnesss for employee commitment are (notice that all five tasks are mostly leadership skills) * Employers recognition of personal and family time * The organizations vision and direction * Personal growth * The ability to challenge the way things are done * Everyday work satisfaction 27. Describe your business strategy in less than 45 words. 28. Answer uncoiled or phoney According to the recent literature, courage is one of t he seven competencies of effective leaders. * False 29.International management development involves the CEO and the senior team and other key elements. Which of the following is not one of the key elements? a) The global strategy b) Human Resource and line capabilities c) Senior Management involvement d) Performance Management 30. Explain why dareance to change is so prevalent in the workplace * Loss of Job * In an organizational setting, any process, technological advancement, systems, or product change will include streamlining, working smarter, cost reduction, efficiency, faster turn around times. * Bad Communication Strategy The way in which the change process is communicatedto employees within the organization is a critical factor in determining their reactions. * Shock and Fear of the Un cognize * Employees responses to organizational change can range from fear and disquietude to enthusiastic support. During periods of change, some employees may feel the need to cling to th e past because it was a more secure, predictable time. * Loss of Control * Familiar routines help employees develop a sense of control over their work environment. Being asked to change the way they operate may make employees feel powerless and confused.People are more likely to understand and implement changes when they feel they have some form of control * Lack of Competence * This is a fear that is difficult for employees to admit openly. But sometimes, change in organizations necessitates changes in skills, and some people will feel that they wont be able to make the transition well. Therefore, the only way for them to try and survive is to kick against the change. * Poor Timing * Change must be introduced when there are no other major initiatives going on. sometimes it is not what a leader does, but it is how, when and why she or he does it that creates resistance to changeUndue resistance can occur because changes are introduced in an insensitive manner or at an awkward time * Lack of Reward * There is a common business saying that managers get what they reward. organizational employees will resist change when they do not see anything in it for them in terms of rewards. * Office Politics * Every organisation has its own share of in-house politics. So, some employees resist change as a political strategy to show or prove that the change decision is wrong. They may also resist showing that the person leading the change is not up to the task. Former Change Experience * Our attitudes about change are partly determined by the way we have experienced change in the past. For instance, if in your organisation, you have handled change badly in the past, the employees will have good reasons for rebelling. * Loss of Support System * Employees already in their comfort zones, working with the managers they get along with, and who are operating within predictable routines know their support system will back them up during challenging times. * Empathy and Peer Pressur e * Whether we are introverted or extroverted, we are still social creatures.Organizational stakeholders will resist change to foster the interests of a meeting, team friends, and colleagues. It is normal for employees to resist change to protect their co-workers * Lack of trust and support * Successful organizational change does not occur in a climate of mistrust. Trust, involves faith in the intentions and behaviour of others. In organizations where there is a high degree of trust and each individual employee is treatedwith respect and dignity, there is less resistance to change. 31. How could cultural differences within an organization be better leveraged to enhance performance? Cultural diversity involves the differences in the composition of members of an organization in terms of nationality, race, color, gender, creed, religion or age in other words, an array of culture found among people from diverse backgrounds. Organizational behavior refers to the character of interacti ons among people and groups within an organization. The positive influence of cultural diversity facilitates members of the organization to build relationships and acknowledge each other regardless of their differences of origin and background. A typical organization has an extensive range of people who have cultural and personal differences. A small business interested in fostering cultural diversity among its employees endeavours to create mutual respect for the different cultures, along with enabling personnel to reach their full potential. Acknowledging diverse cultures enables the organization to positively influence the organizational behaviour that, in turn, enhances the performance and image of the organization.The business should portray the cultural diversity aspect of the organization in the mission statement. * Cultural diversity is the biggest potential take in to work teams with complex tasks and problems that require creativity and innovation. 32. Select the right an swer All of the following are differences in the inherent leadership styles between women and men except a) Men are more likely to use a directive command and control style b) Man rely on formal authority for their position c) Women attempt to enhance followers self-worth ) Men share power and information e) Women tend to lead through inclusion and rely on interpersonal skills to influence others 33. Answer True or False One limitation of path-goal theory of leadership is that some of the contingencies have not been sufficiently researched. * True 34. Describe the different stages of group evolution. * Forming * In the Forming stage, personal relations are characterized by dependence. Group members rely on safe, patterned behaviour and look to the group leader for guidance and direction. * Storming The next stage, called Storming, is characterized by competition and divergence in the personal-relations dimension an organization in the task-functions dimension. As the group members attempt to organize for the task, conflict inevitably results in their personal relations. Individuals have to bend and mould their feelings, ideas, attitudes, and legal opinions to suit the group organization. * Norming * In the Norming stage, interpersonal relations are characterized by cohesion. Group members are engaged in active acknowledgment of all members contributions, community building and maintenance, and solving of group issues.Members are willing to change their preconceived ideas or opinions on the basis of facts presented by other members, and they actively ask questions of one another. Leader ship is shared, and cliques dissolve. * Performing * The Performing stage is not reached by all groups. If group members are able to evolve to stage four, their capacity, range, and depth of personal relations expand to true interdependence. In this stage, people can work independently, in subgroups, or as a total unit with equal facility. Their roles and authorities dynamica lly adjust to the changing needs of the group and individuals. Adjourning * The final stage, Adjourning, involves the termination of task behaviours and disengagement from relationships. A planned conclusion usually includes recognition for participation and achievement and an opportunity for members to say personal goodbyes. 35. Select the right answer The type of leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements are a) Transactional leaders b) Employee-oriented leaders c) Transformational leaders d) Process-oriented leaders ) Charismatic leaders 36. Explain in your own words what you understand by Distributing Power and Status * Human societies develop pecking orders just as chickens do, but both the process and the outcome are, of course, far more complex and varied. We are used to a single powerful leader who operates through command and control is attractive in its simplicity. However it is much better to rely upon a wide range of individuals and leaders who share a common set of values and feel personal ownership for the overall success of the organization.These responsible and empowered individuals will serve as much better watchdogs than any single, dominant leader or bureaucratic structure. I personally feel that status will not influence teams aa power is distributed evenly and most of the time these teams are composed of people that have the same status. It can also be useful to adopt a peer ranking system. All associates get the opportunity to rank members of their team, including their leaders 37. Define Group Boundaries and Identity. For a group to function and develop, one of the most important areas for clear consensus is the perception of who is in the new group and who is not in, and the criteria by which such decisions are made. New members cannot really function and concentrate on their primary task if they are insecure about their membership, and the group cannot r eally maintain a good sense of itself if it does not have a way of defining itself and its boundaries. * Initially, the criteria for inclusion are usually set by the leader, founder, or convener, but as the group members interact, those criteria are ested, and a group consensus arises around the criteria that survive the test. In a young company, there is often profound debate over who should be an owner or a partner, who should have stock options, who should be hired for key functions or be an officer, and who should be ejected because he or she does not fit in. In this debate, real personnel decisions are being made, and at the same time, the criteria of inclusion are being forged, tested, and articulated so that they become clear to everyone.Such debate also provides opportunities for testing mission statements, goal clarity, and means clarity, illustrating how several cultural elements are simultaneously being created, tested, articulated, and reinforced. 38. Complete the follo wing statement With self-leadership, individuals and teams set goals, plan and implement tasks, evaluate performance, and _________________. * Solve their own problems, and motivate themselves. 39. What do you understand by Moralism-Pragmatism? Moralism means the notion that there is some intrinsically good way of living, or at minimum some intrinsically bad ways of living. To the moralist, the proper function is to reinforce the intrinsically lay way of living and to suppress the intrinsically incorrect ways of living. In contrast, pragmatism is not concerned with the intrinsic ways of living, but with outcomes a way of living is good or bad only to the extent that it produces a good or bad outcome. To the pragmatist, the proper function of the is to produce a good outcome.Both of these paradigms entail making moral judgments the moralist must (somehow) judge which ways of living are good or bad the pragmatist must (somehow) judge which outcomes are good or bad. 40. A more recentl y emergent theory of leadership holds that IQ scores and other historical qualifiers of leadership are not as important as being able to understand yourself and others in the context of varying situations. What is this theory known as? a) Motivation b) Self cognizance c) Emotional Intelligence d) Charismatic Leadership 1. Perhaps the first study of Organizational Leadership (Lewin et al, 1938) identified 3 behavioural leadership styles, which of the following is not one of the styles? a) Autocratic b) Democratic c) Laissez-Faire d) Task Oriented 42. The super leader model of leadership proposed by Afsaneh Nahavandi in a 2000 paper, does NOT include which of the following characteristics for a leader? a) Use self-managing teams b) Work as a facilitator c) Delegate to a team with goals and structure d) Trust the team to handle abandoned work 43.A critic of business schools obsession with teaching of management as a science, this current professor at McGill University is also the co -author of a organizational structure known as an Organigraph a) Henry Mintzberg b) Peter Drucker c) James MacGregor Burns d) None of the above. 44. What are some advantages of a MBA Program focused on Leadership? * Help students develop skills that are essential to success in any field critical thinking, problem-solving, communicating, negotiating, and acting ethically in professional situations. Programs are designed for mid-career professionals who want to step into leadership roles * It has flexible schedules 45. Which of the following theories of leadership postulates that people will be more focused and motivated if they believe they are loose of high performance, believe their effort will results in impulsed outcomes and believe their work is worthwhile? a) Contingency Theory b) Path-Goal Theory c) Transformational Theory d) Transactional Theory 46. The belief that people are either born or not born with the qualities for successful leadership can be classified as what type of leadership theory? ) Transformational Theory b) Situational Theory c) Skills Theory d) Trait Theory 47. The nominal group technique is a good way to allow all group members to have a say in the groups final decision? a) True b) False 48. When faced with a difficult decision that directly involves the group you a) rid of making the decision altogether b) Put it up for discussion and ask other members of your group for input c) Leave it to someone else to decide d) Pretend the problem doesnt exist e) Keep postponing the decision until the problem becomes obsolete 9. You delegate a task. What defines the performance standards for the person who fulfills the task? a) How well you would do it b) The persons past performance c) Criteria and standards set prior d) The job needs to be done as well as necessary (fitness for purpose) e) By giving others in the group authority, the manager/team leader loses control. 50. When working toward a goal a) You tend to focus on the big picture b) You tend to focus on the details. 51. Do you have a clear vision of where your group/organization is headed? a) Definitely ) To a large degree c) To a certain degree d) Not really 52. Why is effective communication so important for leadership? * Effective communication is an important element of success for every organization, leader, manager, supervisor, and employee. An organization whose people communicate effectively experiences fewer of the misunderstandings that create friction between people, waste time, and cause mistakes. The strategy of this enterprise is clear to all, and each person understands how his or her work contributes to that strategy.Employees listen to customers and, in turn, are clear and persuasive in describing their companys products and services. 53. Explain where does trust fit in terms of effective leadership? * Trust is one of the most critical elements in the leading-following equation. People who are in leadership roles in any organization cannot suc ceed over the long term unless there is some sense of trust from the followers in that organization. Force and coercion can replace trust as a glue that binds people together for a while, but not for the long haul. Followers need not love a leader. They need not like a leader. But to support a leader, and follow him or her, they need to have some sense of trust and confidence in that leader, both in their ability to perform competently and expertly, and confidence in the leader as a person 54. Explain where does power fit in leadership? * To answer the question we have to distinguish between two kinds of power. First there is the kind of power that is associated with a formal position in an organizations hierarchy, such as the CEO, VP, Department Head, or Unit Supervisor.Holding such a positions confers some ability to control reward, punishments, working conditions and other things that affect employees. We call this formal power, or you can also call it positional or role power. * The other kind of power doesnt come from having a formal position, so both formal and informal leaders can wield it. We can call this form of power informal power, or influential power, since it is based on the ability to influence and not on the ability to control the rewards and punishment or the work environment.Informal power is a result of others (peers, other managers, rank and file) choosing to follow because the leader creates trust, loyalty and inspires others. 55. What is a thought leader? * Thought leaders are people who have an influence on how people think about an issue or situation. Through their development of models, theories or ideas, they end up with a following that stems largely from the apparent truth and/or usefulness of their ideas. * Thought leaders do not intend to lead. Neither do they require formal power. Their power to lead lies with the apparent truth and effectiveness (and often innovativeness) of their thinking. Thought leaders can affect others on a overbearing scale, through the exposure of their thinking in the media, or through books, personal influence and so on, but they can also affect others locally, within an organization, by presenting their thinking in compelling ways, so that those around them approach problems or issues from a different perspective. Often thought leaders are best known for innovative or new ideas. 56. Answer True or False According to organizational behaviour research, male and female leaders do not differ in their levels of task-oriented and people-oriented leadership. True 57. What is paternalistic leadership? * A type of fatherly managerial style typically employed by dominant males where their organizational power is used to control and protects subordinate staff that are expected to be loyal and obedient. A manager with a paternalistic leadership style might be appropriate for a business with a more formal and hierarchical structure where creative thinking is not required of staff. 58. Some authors say leaders must divide their time in three parts one for handling finances, another for quality, and a third for relationships.What do you think about? * Leaders have two leadership continuum scales that they must follow. Earlier, I talked about the people scale, and how we have been moving from Douglas McGreagors Theory X to Theory Y. This continuum can be seen as the vertical axis (concern for people) in Blake and Moutons Managerial Grid. The other axis is the concern for task and it is plotted along the horizontal axis. By focusing on the far end of the scales or continuum and developing goals to achieve the 9s, a leader can create her visions.And then by developing great people (people scale) and giving them the means to accomplish your vision (task scale), you have ensured that the necessary ingredients are there for organization success. In other words, good leaders have goal directed visions and then achieve them by inspiring their people to work through change and c hallenges in order for task accomplishment. This, in turn, equals a successful organization. 59. What do you call the theory that some people have specific characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders? * Trait Theories 60.Whats the worst fault a leader can have? * A failure to see the benefits of diversity. This creates like-people throughout the organizations and leads to one-way thinking. If you do not have a diverse team, then you cannot come up with the creative brainstorming solutions to stay competitive. Also, you alienate your customers and consumers who can be quite diverse. 61. Complete the following statement If trait research had been successful, we would ______________, whereas if behavioural studies were correct, we would ___________. * Select the right person for the job * Train leaders. 2. Select the right answer It is generally considered that leadership is important to an organizations success. All of the following are actions that leaders take to mak e an organization successful except a) Make rapid and firm decisions b) Control deviations from a standard c) Motivate employees to higher levels of productivity d) Practice attractive standards e) Anticipate change and vigorously exploit opportunities 63. Answer True or False Path-goal theory advocates servant leadership. * True 64. What is the shape of the ameliorate leader and does he or she exist? To paraphrase W. Somerset Maugham, There are three rules for creating good leaders. Unfortunately, no one knows what they are. * There are no perfect leaders, that is why good leaders are always trying to improve themselves through self-study, training, education, mentorship, making mistakes and then learning from them, etc. Since there are no perfect leaders, it is hard to build a good leadership model, which is why there are hundreds of them. But, we can be sure of a few things that good leaders have * A vision of the future (answers the question, where are we going? ). The abilit y to encourage followers to jump into that experience (work through the many changes that are required to achieve that vision). * A love of self-improvement for themselves and their followers. This love makes them good coaches and mentors. * Empowering their followers to get things done (delegates). 65. Does a leader need to be motivated? How can leaders maintain themselves to stay motivated? * A leader definitely has to be motivated those who are not will quickly be seen as frauds in their followers eyes as they expect their leaders to be enthusiastic about their work.Motivation comes in two forms adventitious and intrinsic. * Extrinsic motivators come from the outside. For example, one reason that I go to work is that I need to make a living in order to survive. Intrinsic motivators come from within. For example, another reason that I go to work is that I get a great deal of satisfaction when I accomplish a difficult task. * Good leaders set and achieve goals that allow them to g et a healthy balance of both motivators. Although many people believe that intrinsic motivators are the best, that is not unavoidably so.Often, the extrinsic motivators lead us into new situations and then our love for doing it (intrinsic) carries us through and on to new heights. 66. As far as communication is a key point, how can a shy person be a leader? * Communication, from a leadership point, is more than just directing others (which shy people would deplumate back from), it is more about maintaining healthy relationships (which almost every shy person is capable of doing). One of my favorite quotes is from Captain Henry Jim Crowe, USMC.While in Guadalcanal on 13 January 1943, he used the following words and actions to motivate his troops Goddamn it, youll never get the Purple Heart hiding in a foxhole Follow me It was more than an order it was his action of not showing his fear by being in the front that motivated his troops. * Leaders use both actions and words to get th ings done. Bossing others is the act of directing others to get things done without having any concern for the employees. Shy persons do not normally become bosses, but many of them do become leaders while the bullies become bosses. 67.If so much material is written about leadership, why are there so few real leaders in companies? * Who says there are so few leaders? The only people who can call a person a leader are the followers. People outside the organization might call a person a leader, yet she might have just been a dictating tyrant who used her power of authority to get things done. This only made her the boss, not a leader. Only the people who work for another person have the authority to call that person a leader. * Too many people equate leaders with the power of authority, yet it is more about visioning and achieving goals through others.Organizations that are lagging behind their competitors often have a lack of leaders throughout their ranks. While great organizations have leaders throughout the organization, from top to bottom. Just as I mentioned earlier about Starbucks goal of 2000 stores by the year 2000, it took a lot of leaders throughout the ranks to accomplish it. 68. The role of principles of leadership is so extensive that it puts one to think isnt a good leader a kind of superman or superwomen? How can that be? * Leadership is like many other difficult skills it takes skills and practice.That is why it is important to develop leaders throughout your organization although you can learn the knowledge and the skills in a short period of time, it takes plenty of practice to get it right. Senior leaders should always be coaching and mentoring their subordinates on the leadership continuum. 69. Is a military model of leadership adequate to any company, as far as it based most on authority and discipline? * Researchers at McKinsey & Company and the Conference Board observed that one highly effective route of leadership is demonstrated by t he U. S. Marine Corps.The Marines approach to motivation follows the mission, values, and pride (MVP) path, which researchers say is practical and relevant for the business world. A couple of other organizations that follow the MVP path are 3M, New York City Ballet, and KFC. There are four other valid paths to follow Process and Metric (Toyota), Entrepreneurial Spirit (BMC Software) Individual Achievement (Perot Systems), and Reward and Celebration (Mary Kay). * The Marines invest in their front line by following five practices * Over-investing in cultivating core value * Make an investment by intensely focusing on core values.Give your employees more than a brief introduction assign some training to your most experienced and talented managers. One role model can influence 40 or 50 new hires. Also, focus on values after the training, i. e. Marriott prominently displays customer letters praising superior performance. * Preparing every person to lead, including frontline supervisors * Training every front line person to lead has a powerful effect on morale. Do NOT write the followers off or give them superficial attention. You most compensate the notion that front line workers can lead. Learning when to create teams and when to create single-leader work groups * Genuine teams are rare in the business world where a single individual leading a group is the norm. Real teams get most of their motivation from its mission and goals * Attending to the bottom half, not just the top half * Find the time to attend to the poor and mediocre performers, even if it means personal sacrifice. Normally, it is cheaper and easier to rejuvenate under-performers than it is to replace them. Marine Drill Instructors, despite their known toughness, refuse to give up on any recruit. Encouraging self-discipline as a way of building pride * Demand that everyone act with honor, courage, and commitment. For example, southwestward Airlines turns its planes around in less than half the ti me that is needed by most competitors not by fear of punishment, but by a desire to be the best. * To emulate the Marines, many executives would have to embrace the notion that front-line workers can lead. (Jon R. Katzenbach and Jason A. Santamaria. Harvard Business Review Firing Up the Front Line. May-June, 1999, pp. 107 to 117. ) 70. Is there an ideal per centum of leaders in a company?Can an excess of leaders turn into a problem? * Every organization is unique, hence it will require a different percentage. But every leader and supervisor must display some form of leadership, they cannot simply be bosses and expect the organization to become a great organization. As far as excess, how can you have too much of a good thing is there such a thing as a company having too much profit? 71. Which of the following g statements about leadership is false? a) Leadership does not necessarily take place within a hierarchical structure of an organisation b) Not every leader is a manager ) Whe n people operate as leaders their role is always clearly established and defined d) All of the above 72. What is better for a company that does not have huge sums to invest in training try to build a team of leaders, with all the failure possibilities, or concentrate on building a good team of efficient managers? * Why would there be more failure possibilities with a team of leaders than with a team of managers? Managers can get things done, but they have to have leaders and leadership abilities of their own. Otherwise, what will hey get accomplished? It takes leaders to have visions. Once you have your vision, it needs to be framed in general terms and communicated to your team. Your team then develops the ends (objectives), ways (concepts), and means (resources) to achieve the vision. Except for developing the means (resources), all of these are leadership tasks. 73. Can someone be a good leader, but not a good manager? Which is better for a company? * Just as there are many manag ers who cannot lead, there are many leaders who cannot manage. And neither is better for a company.Both strip the company of a valuable resource a leader who can get things done or a manager who can lead her employees. 74. Answer True or False Anonymity inevitably has a negative impact on group members. * True 75. Select the right answer Which of the following is a leadership activity? a) Reviewing and evaluating the delivery of a project b) formulation and undertaking performance reviews and monthly supervision sessions c) Empowering and inspiring others to take responsibility for aspects of the service they deliver d) Drafting a service budget and consulting the management team about it.

An Imaginary Life By David Malouf

An Imaginary Life by David Malouf is a delicately beautiful point of the urbane and irreverent Poet Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid), banished by Augustus for unspecified transgressions to Tomis, the very outposts of the kn hold world, near the Black Sea.Notwithstanding his real manners supplications to the emperor for remission of punishment, it is this grey unreported period that Malouf has explored with such lyrical acuity, with significant ahistorical departures to encounter plot imperatives.Ovids Metamorphoses is a group of stories where Change is the only constant and Ovids intention in sexual relation myths is established from the very beginning. Prima ab origine mundi, ad mea perpetuum tempora carmen- from the very beginning of the world, in an unbroken poem, to my own time (Metamorphoses 1.3-4).Book One of Ovids Metamorphoses establishes the books theme of metamorphoses and geological faults with a creation tale that progresses into human stories leading to the current call forth of man.The creation piece is followed by a flood story and a discussion of the ages of mankind. The ages of mankind gold, silver, bronze, and bid describe mans slow progression from a good, wholesome society into a miserable, self-destructive one. The next stories disturbance tales of gods and goddesses and their manipulations of the human population and each former(a).In Maloufs story of Ovids exile, the most accomplished of Roman poets, whose natural phrase had found such perfect form in metre and verse in a language that isolated and analysed the finest nuances, is forced to learn a ruder and barbarian vernacular, which was more assimilative and integrative than analytical.In fact they had no word for the concept of freedom, as in their worldview, nothing was free, all things being integrally dependent on all other things. This is the first of the transformations where the limitations of language are brought home to the sophisticate.One day, while on a work with the tribesman, he comes upon a wild child one day which he adopts and cares for as if he had been give a new past. In the very first paragraph of the book, the poet recounts how he has had repeated dreams and visions of the unchanging other which may represent both the historical Jesus Christ and the contemporary spiritual consciousness of the smart Age.The poet is trying to reinvent his past and seeks redemption in his original, uncorrupted, state. This is a defining moment for the second transformation of the poet, who will progressively realise the essentiality of grounding oneself in nature to realise ones true identity.