Anesthetics Essays (842 words) - General Anesthetics,

Anesthetics Introduction Anesthetics are depressant drugs that cause a total or partial loss of the sense of pain. The effect an anesthetic has on the body depends on several factors. What type of anesthetic is used determines the effect along with the dosage and a person (or animals) body weight. The word anesthesia was first introduced by Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1846 about four weeks after the first demonstration of ether anesthesia at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Ether was the first type of anesthesia used and was demonstrated as a means of allowing a patient to be unconscious and free from surgical pain. Stages of Anesthesia Stage one is known as analgesia and results from an increase in circulating endorphins. There is a mild depression of cortical centers and this type of anesthesia is also known as twilight sleep. Stage two is characterized by a loss of consciousness. It is a critical period because delirium and increased involuntary activity, as well as hypersecretion, can occur. It is best to get through stage one and stage two as quickly as possible and this stage, along with stage one, are known as induction. Stage three is the stage of anesthesia known as surgical anesthesia, and most surgical procedures are performed in this stage. There is usually a loss of spinal reflexes and muscle tone. Stage four is an undesirable stage and is characterized by respiratory depression and other manifestations of overdose. Most general anesthetics are non-specific agents, meaning that their activity depends on their lipid solubility rather that their structure. Inhaled and exhaled gas containing the agents equilibrates with the lung tissue, and then with the blood. In the brain, the agent equilibrates between the blood and neural tissue, depressing neurons and causing the pharmacological effect. Types of Anesthesia Though ether was the first type of anesthesia, there are now many different types. Ether, along with chloroform, are known as the anesthetics from hell because they have all of the negative traits of this class of drugs. Ethyl ether is potent and fairly safe, but it is also flammable and explosive. It forms peroxides and it produces a very unpleasant induction phase. Also, it is irritating and causes nausea and vomiting during recovery. Chloroform is just as potent and relaxes the skeletal muscle fairly effectively, but has a narrow margin of safety, produces liver and kidney toxicity, and has been known to fairly frequently cause cardiac arrest. In addition, it can also cause severe hypertension. Another type of general anesthetic agent is non halogenated hydrocarbons. All of these work well and the longer the chain, the higher the potency. However, these have a tendency to produce cardiovascular toxicity. Cyclopropane is the only one still in use and is explosive. Ethyl ether was the first anesthetic, but is not used anymore because of its negative effects, but other ethers came along throughout the past century and a half as well. Like hydrocarbons, the longer the chain, the more potent the anesthetic. However, the longer the chain, the higher the toxicity. Also having a longer chain reduces induction time. Ethyl ether is very rarely used and divinyl ether is explosive and produces deep anesthesia too quickly. Another type of general anesthetic is halogenated hydrocarbons. When a halogen is added to an anesthesia, flammability is greatly reduced, and in some cases, eliminated. In addition, the halogen can also add potency. Depending on the halogen, some of these compounds can cause arrhythmia and/or renal or hepatic toxicity. Compounds containing only bromine are usually not useful and compounds containing only chlorine are limited in use, are toxic, and can cause arrhythmia. The best of the chlorinated agents are ethyl chloride and trichloroethylene. Fluorinated hydrocarbons are the most useful general anesthetics, and were first discovered as offshoots of the nuclear weapons program. Adding a fluorine to an anesthetic decreases flammability and boiling point. It also decreases the rate of catechol- induced arrhythmia (these increase as the size of the halogen increases). Listed below are a few different types of fluorinate hydrocarbons: Halothane (Fluothane) was the first fluorinated hydrocarbon to be used. It is a poor muscle relaxant, and has some toxicity and has been shown to cause catechol- induced arrhythmia. Methoxyflurane (Penthrane) is somewhat better than the above, but still causes some arrhythmia and toxicity. It also causes a slow induction period. Enflurane (Enthrane) is a pretty good anesthetic in stage one (see topic below). Isoflurane (Forane) is the best general anesthetic found so far and has no common ill effects. Another type of general anesthetics is nitrous oxide. This is the least toxic anesthetic, but is also the least potent. It causes good analgesia. but is a poor muscle relaxant. Ketamine hydrochloride is also

Free Essays on Homers Odyssey

Homer’s Odyssey In the world we live in today, everyone admires different types of heroes. However, in Homers world, he created The Odyssey, where he created all the noble heroes to have most of the same characteristics and attributes. These heroes were the ones who saved people. They were brave, daring, courageous, wise, and had so much spirit! Odysseus, the main character, was intelligent, bold, and had an excellent awareness and form of thought. Although he has these strengths, he is still human and has his downfalls. Some of his negative qualities were: he was selfish and disloyal to his rather faithful wife, but, of course, his valiant attributes are the most evident when reading this book. For the most part, Odysseus it the one telling the story, so we see that he is very communicative. When he escapes from Cyclops cave, we see that he is brave and a great strategist. When he jabbed Cyclops eye with pike of olive, he decided not to kill him because if he did, he would not have been able to get out of the cave. This shows that he thought beforehand and what the outcome of the situation would have been if he let his fighting nature take over. Another example of his bravery is that he went to the Hades, a place feared by just about everyone. Nausicaa is offered to him to wife, but his heart aches for his wife so he declines. I am kind of surprised he didn’t sleep with her before he left. He showed sensitivity when he met his mother and when he heard the song of the Trojan War. After all these good traits, not all of Odysseus’ qualities are desirable. These are his impulsiveness, arrogance, and nosiness. I think he knew that he struggles with these areas. Odysseus’ curiosity enticed him to go to Cyclops cave but his impulsiveness overcame his common sense to think what might have happened next. As Odysseus was making his getaway, from Cyclops cave, he yelled to Cyclops identifying himself because of his pride. Cyclops w... Free Essays on Homers Odyssey Free Essays on Homers Odyssey Homer’s Odyssey In the world we live in today, everyone admires different types of heroes. However, in Homers world, he created The Odyssey, where he created all the noble heroes to have most of the same characteristics and attributes. These heroes were the ones who saved people. They were brave, daring, courageous, wise, and had so much spirit! Odysseus, the main character, was intelligent, bold, and had an excellent awareness and form of thought. Although he has these strengths, he is still human and has his downfalls. Some of his negative qualities were: he was selfish and disloyal to his rather faithful wife, but, of course, his valiant attributes are the most evident when reading this book. For the most part, Odysseus it the one telling the story, so we see that he is very communicative. When he escapes from Cyclops cave, we see that he is brave and a great strategist. When he jabbed Cyclops eye with pike of olive, he decided not to kill him because if he did, he would not have been able to get out of the cave. This shows that he thought beforehand and what the outcome of the situation would have been if he let his fighting nature take over. Another example of his bravery is that he went to the Hades, a place feared by just about everyone. Nausicaa is offered to him to wife, but his heart aches for his wife so he declines. I am kind of surprised he didn’t sleep with her before he left. He showed sensitivity when he met his mother and when he heard the song of the Trojan War. After all these good traits, not all of Odysseus’ qualities are desirable. These are his impulsiveness, arrogance, and nosiness. I think he knew that he struggles with these areas. Odysseus’ curiosity enticed him to go to Cyclops cave but his impulsiveness overcame his common sense to think what might have happened next. As Odysseus was making his getaway, from Cyclops cave, he yelled to Cyclops identifying himself because of his pride. Cyclops w... Free Essays on Homers Odyssey Homer’s Odyssey In the world we live in today, everyone admires different types of heroes. However, in Homers world, he created The Odyssey, where he created all the noble heroes to have most of the same characteristics and attributes. These heroes were the ones who saved people. They were brave, daring, courageous, wise, and had so much spirit! Odysseus, the main character, was intelligent, bold, and had an excellent awareness and form of thought. Although he has these strengths, he is still human and has his downfalls. Some of his negative qualities were: he was selfish and disloyal to his rather faithful wife, but, of course, his valiant attributes are the most evident when reading this book. For the most part, Odysseus it the one telling the story, so we see that he is very communicative. When he escapes from Cyclops cave, we see that he is brave and a great strategist. When he jabbed Cyclops eye with pike of olive, he decided not to kill him because if he did, he would not have been able to get out of the cave. This shows that he thought beforehand and what the outcome of the situation would have been if he let his fighting nature take over. Another example of his bravery is that he went to the Hades, a place feared by just about everyone. Nausicaa is offered to him to wife, but his heart aches for his wife so he declines. I am kind of surprised he didn’t sleep with her before he left. He showed sensitivity when he met his mother and when he heard the song of the Trojan War. After all these good traits, not all of Odysseus’ qualities are desirable. These are his impulsiveness, arrogance, and nosiness. I think he knew that he struggles with these areas. Odysseus’ curiosity enticed him to go to Cyclops cave but his impulsiveness overcame his common sense to think what might have happened next. As Odysseus was making his getaway, from Cyclops cave, he yelled to Cyclops identifying himself because of his pride. Cyclops w...

Colour Metaphor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Colour Metaphor - Essay Example On the other hand, the colour words themselves have traditional linguistic expression which is symbolic to what colour represent in a particular culture. Some times colour words take connotation and other times they are fixed linguistically. Simply, the way I understand it is when two unlike things are compared, like common concepts help to explain the less known concepts. I am writing concepts because I agree with Lakoff's (1977) theory where he suggests that Metaphors are "fundamentally conceptual, not linguistic, in nature" (Lakoff, in Ortony, 1993, p.244). He further divided the metaphors in categories, conceptual metaphor and image metaphor only because they acquire different mapping processes. He states that conceptual metaphors "map one conceptual domain onto another" (ibid, p.229). Zoltn (2002) contribution to the theory of conceptual metaphors cannot be ignored. He defines it as "understanding one conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain." Zoltn (2002, p .4). Conceptual metaphors have two particular domains; one is named as source domain, "the conceptual domain from which we draw metaphorical expressions to understand another conceptual domain." Another is target domain which "we try to understand through the use of the source domain." Zoltn (2002, p. 4). ... 4). Explaining it further Zoltn (2002) says that, "Conceptual metaphors typically employ a more abstract concept as target, and a more concrete or physical concept as their source." Metaphors do not work in isolation rather "people need a combination of a mutual cognitive environment to understand each other successfully." say Sperber and Wilson (1986). Focusing further they insisted that language is a "community's store of established knowledge," and one can only make use of it if possesses relative knowledge by experience. Best explained by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) say, "You don't have a choice whether to think metaphorically. Because metaphorical maps are part of our brains, we think and speak metaphorically whether we want to or not. () Further since our brains are embodied, our metaphors will reflect our commonplace experiences in the world." Firstly, all colours have ideal comprehension but it is not necessary that they portray only one meaning. Black and White are the basic colours, and red, blue, green and yellow are known as primary colours. Secondly, we are individually and culturally fashioned to use metaphors, which have some connection with neurology. Different cultures have different ways of associating with certain colour and that effect shows in their colour words. Let's see how; Black The colour black is associated with death and mourning in Western cultures. Basically its connection with darkness is literal and at the same time metaphorical. Mystery, evil and fear are attached to it because all kinds of strange activities take place in the night, which is dark. Few metaphors used are the pot calling the kettle black, accusing someone without looking at your own deeds. Black day, black look, black mood, black humours are other

Quiz 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quiz 6 - Essay Example It is also helpful for those who have a doubt about the old school of thought related to economics and bridging the gap between past and present concepts. (Brittan, 202) in his book, Backhouse discussed about how Homer and Hesiod’s writing educated the people of Greece and gave them the idea about how life should be lived. The story of society discussed in Iliad and the Odyssey was â€Å"hierarchical, based not on market relationships, but on the distribution of wealth through gifts, theft, prizes for winning competitions, plunder received in war, and tribute paid by defeated cities to their conqueror† (Backhouse, 11) Homer in his writing considered trading as a secondary and inferior way of acquiring wealth as according to him exchanging gift among same rank holders, wining prizes in war was more better way of earning wealth. (Backhouse, 11) There was very little economical data available from the time of Xenophon (c. 430–354 BC) and Plato (c. 429–347 BC) but one it is now a proven fact that economy at that time also based on agriculture. (Backhouse, 14) Later on Aristotle in his concept also discussed about the acquisition of wealth for people’s day to day activities.(Backhouse, 22) In Aristotle’s view there were 2 ways of acquiring wealth, one was estate management and other one was â€Å"getting wealth through exchange†. (Backhouse, 22) People need money to live a good life-this was the concept of Aristotle, and for him hunger for excess money could bring about the difference of class and status in a society. This was the ancient Greek philosophy and it has a great influence on present western thoughts. If one analyzes the concept of neoclassical economics, then it is very clear that both Plato and Aristotle had some key opinion about economics. In Backhouse’s opinion, Plato argued for the subsistence of universals-ideal, pure forms which

Dramatic function in the play Essay Example for Free

Dramatic function in the play Essay In the play, A View From The Bridge, we are faced with emotions that we have probably all felt or will feel during our lifetime. However, when these emotions are taken to extremes, it could lead to unimaginable consequences. Covered here are some of the more complex and intriguing relationships that shape the whole play, from beginning to end, from the innocent love of a young woman to the dark sinister workings of a mind driven beyond logic and reason. One of the most interesting and complicated relationships in the play is that of Eddie and Catherine. Catherine is Eddies niece through marriage and has been cared and provided for by him ever since her mother died whilst she was still a baby; with a sense of her childhood, her babyhood, and the years and during that time, they have grown very close, Eddie treats her like his own daughter. He likes it when she greets him when he gets home, when she treats him like a father; Eddie is pleased and therefore shy about it However, as revealed later the play, Catherine thinks of Eddie as more than an uncle or a father, she thinks of him almost as her husband; If I was a wife I would now Im supposed to turn around a make a stranger out of him? She was originally talking about Beatrice but towards the end of the sentence, she was talking about herself, putting herself in Beatrices place as though she was the wife that was making s stranger out of the husband. Catherine matches Eddies love for her perfectly, seeking his approval in everything she does, she is eager to please him and is happy when he is happy; You like it? she asks about her skirt, you like it? she asks about her hair. In fact, when Eddie says beautiful she says You like it, huh?; this is a rhetorical question, shes seeking more than approval, shes seeking confirmation, because Eddies opinions matter to her and it pleases her tremendously to see that he likes what shes doing. However, when Eddie says that shes walking wavy and aint all the girls Catherine is very upset; almost in tears because he disapproves. There is a point where Catherine cares too much about Eddies views, from the play, we can tell that she has put off a few of her lifetime ambitions to keep him happy; as Beatrice says: I dont understand when this ends. First it was gonna be when she graduated high school, so she graduated high school. Then it was when she learned stenographer, so she learn stenographer. So what are we gonna wait for now? Eddie has obviously been thinking up all kinds of reasons to keep her at home. He says that he just doesnt want her working with the wrong people and that she should get a good education and go and meet a nice, well-educated (preferably rich) young man and settle down and get out of the working class world.  Most of this we can believe, not only does Eddie love Catherine, he is also very protective of her; I know that neighbourhood, B., I dont like it.  Maybe Catherine doesnt realize it but all her fondness is what makes him so overprotective of her, she acts like a little child around him; Catherine: He thinks Im a baby. Beatrice: Thats because you think youre a baby. I told you fifty times already and Eddie is so used to that he just cant accept the fact that she is growing up. He likes to come home to her childish antics, he likes to have her waiting on him hand and feet. There may be a slight ego problem when he realizes that Catherines pay is going to be so high, even higher than his if the estimate he gave Marco is a direct correspondence of his salary; But I think you could probablythirty, forty a week, over the whole twelve months of the year.  Eddie is obviously not ready to give up the job as the man of the house, metaphorically speaking, hes used to having everyone look up to him. He doesnt take Beatrice seriously and Catherine has always been so childlike and adoring, she sits on her heels beside him. Suddenly, Eddie feels that someone is threatening his position and that concept scares him, its the same fear as when Rodolpho steps into Catherines life, hes becoming the object of Catherines affections, not Eddie. Quite a lot has been mentioned on the boyfriend front; Eddie is unwilling for Catherine to show interest in the male populous; Eddie: Listen, I could tell you things about Louis which you wouldnt wave to him no more. Catherine: Eddie, I wish there was one guy you couldnt tell me things about. Not only does this show that he discourages any interest Catherine develops, he also does it very often, sometimes when Catherine isnt even interested in them, just to be on the safe side. Could there be more to this relationship than just parental concern, care and love? Could it be that Eddie is harbouring some secret desire for Catherine that he is too ashamed to act upon but is enough to make him feel better when she only has him and no one else? A father would be glad if his daughter found love, but a boyfriend would be jealous, and Eddie was certainly not glad when Rodolpho wins over Catherines heart. In the beginning of Act Two, Eddie was drunk and when he came home, he kissed Catherine on the lips. As the Romans said, in vino veritas, which means there is truth in wine, what is normally hidden is exposed as the person loses sense of inhibition and sometimes even logical thought; in this case, Eddies desire for Catherine. Of course, Catherine has already been pretty upset with him already and this was just putting salt to the wound. She didnt admit straight away to Rodolpho that Eddies views were once again affecting her judgement, she asks him the questions that Eddie has been harbouring ever since he arrived and especially after talks about marriage and says that they are her own questions, she even suggests that they go live in Italy because she imagined it would be beautiful but really its just covering up her fear of Eddie, even though she did admit to it; Im afraid of Eddie here. Rodolpho saw right through her, he could see that she was frightened and wanted to get away from Eddie. Rodolpho: My heart dies to look at you. Why are you so afraid of him?  At this point, Catherine still feels that Eddies change of mood was partially her fault; I would just feel ashamed if I made him sad. Ever since the beginning of the play, Catherine always seemed to be in constant uncertainty and fear of Eddie, but never of his actions, more of his opinions because it mattered so much to her but since after the kiss, she has developed a physical fear of him, of what he could and would do to her and the people she loved and that includes Eddie himself. Wait outside, dont argue with him Catherine says, wanting to keep Rodolpho safe from Eddie.

On the Road and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas Analysis

On the Road and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas Analysis Referring closely to literary and linguistic features, explore the presentation of hopes and dreams within On the Road and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas Hopes and dreams are presented as a means of escape and an opportunity for external and internal discovery for the characters of Jack Kerouacs On the Road and Hunter S. Thompsons Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. Sal Paradise and Dean Moriarty seek rather juxtaposed dreams; Dean is punished for his lavish and overindulgent wants whereas Sal uses his time on the road to fulfil more rewarding and spiritual objectives. Similarly, Raoul Duke in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas takes a journey of discovery to find the true American Dream in Las Vegas, Nevada. To some extent, the pursuit of hopes and dreams is a method of escaping the realities of everyday life for characters from both texts. In Kerouacs novel, the dreams of where the road might take them provide an escape for both Sal and Dean from a mundane East Coast lifestyle, and a way to forget the mistakes of the past. Similarly in Thompsons piece, a voyage of revelation fueled by an underlying desire to understand the American Dream offers a chance to escape for Raoul and his attorney using somebody elses money. Jack Kerouac employs a proper noun in the utterance fifty dollars from old veteran benefits, I was ready to go to the West Coast. Here, the West is presented as a symbol of great opportunity and freedom like it had been for the pioneers who settled there from Americas east and across the world over a century earlier. For Sal, this escape is from a miserable divorce whilst also having recovered from a serious illness. The writer uses hyperbole and plosive alliteration through Deans wants of innumerable girls and sex parties and pornographic pictures suggesting at Deans apparently unlimited thirst for sexual encounters with as many women as possible, and highlight that a reason why he goes on the road is to fulfil his sexual needs and desires as part of his American Dream. These wants contrast with his more simple needs of concrete noun bread and abstract noun love later in the novel which indicate at the aimlessness of Moriartys quest to find it. In contrast, Duke and Dr Gonzo are shown to be more driven in attempts to find truth and happiness. Thompson uses a metaphor and abstract noun in the exclamative I tell you, my man, this is the American Dream in action! to give a suggestion of Dukes belief that the American Dream is about living a hedonistic life of indulgence. Unlike Sal, who is forced at times to ration his food, the pair spend excessively throughout the novel, especially on alcohol and gambling, but despite such wild attempts Raoul is still unable to attain the happiness he strives for. Duke repeatedly indicates at the journeys purpose being a discovery of the 1970s American Dream and is preoccupied with it throughout the book. The writer uses a present and past-tense dynamic verbs were looking for the American Dream, and we were told it was somewhere in this area. This perhaps suggests at Raouls misunderstanding of and confusion with the concept of the American Dream for he appears to believe that it is something tangible, serving to highlight his dreams elusive nature. Throughout both texts, hopes and dreams are presented as ripe opportunities for the characters to capitalise on. Kerouac employs a metaphor and grammatical repetition in the declarative new call and a new horizon, the abstract noun call and concrete noun horizon here present a hopeful new beginning for Sal and a fundamental change in how he will live his life. This is what Dean offers at the start of the book to Sal, an opportunity to leave his life as a newly-divorced and miserable man in the East behind and escape to what is hoped to be a better life in the West. Deans use of grammatical repetition in the utterance man, wow, theres so many things to do, so many things to write! presents the excitement brought on by the allure of the adventures that await once they get out on the road, and the promise of a better life thereafter. This is to show how to truly live you must break free from the shackles of conventionality and day-to-day life, and that the world is rife with opportuniti es for those who can achieve such freedom. An example of litotes from Dean is when he says so longs I can get that lil ole gal with that lil sumpin down there tween her legs highlighting that his one need is a woman with whom he can he can have sex. For Dean, being on the road is a way to achieve his ambitions of achieving as many sexual encounters as he can, with Moriarty growing increasingly sexually sybaritic throughout the book. Similarly but in a far less literal sense than Kerouac, Thompson uses personification in a sexual metaphor of his own when Duke is wandering through at 4:30 AM he notes that the gamblers are still humping the American Dream. This use of vulgar colloquialism indicates how with a luck America will provide the economic and social success that is wish for. These people hope that gambling will be a way to achieve the American Dream through winning big and getting rich, their chance of weakening their finances however are greater. In contrast with Sals attainable and clear spiritual search on his journe y, Raouls quest for the specific whereabouts of the American Dream concludes with a further metaphor used in Las Vegas when Raoul states that weve found the main nerve. The concrete noun nerve here likens the city to the bodys nervous system and Raoul hopes now that he has discovered the true physical American Dream at this location. At this point he will not let his attorney leave yet, because their expectations of the American Dream were that it would be remarkable but soon the realisation sets in that it is not as magnificent as once anticipated. How hopes and dreams are realised varies wildly between the different characters and books. Deans continued equivocation quickly begins to kill off Sals hope of real discovery. He wishes to find answers and meaning to what the American Dream and therefore Dean truly means by his use of the exclamative fragment it!, but Dean cannot provide anything more than an abstract and vague definition. From this point on, Sal begins to see Dean as his true and shallow self has a realisation that it and the American Dream can never be attained for neither truly are real. The use of pre-modifying adjectives in the phrase wonderful Technicolor visions likens the epiphanic moments of spiritual enlightenment that he is starting to feel to being in a movie filmed using the Technicolor colour process commonly used in Hollywood from the 1920s to 1940s, this indicates that Sal has used his travels of the road as a means of self-discovery. His perspectives change as a result and he becomes a changed man u pon realisation of his insignificance as a lone individual in the vast United States. Whilst writing the novel Kerouac increasingly was fascinated by Buddhism after losing the strong Catholic faith instilled in him as a child, this rebellion against religious norms is echoed here. Thompson uses of pre-modifying adjectives contrastingly when Raoul and his attorney are searching for a location called American Dream all they can find is a huge slab of cracked, scorched concrete in a vacant lot full of tall weeds, the burned down physical American Dream that they find is symbolically representative of Thompsons belief that the ideal now has been destroyed, and therefore is unattainable. A further use of the main nerve metaphor is Dukes utterance that were on the main nerve right now. He now reveals ere that he believes that he has found the American Dream here in Las Vegas at the casino Circus-Circus for its manager has his own circus, and a license to steal, too. Here Thompson mocks the concept of the American Dream in a large city like Las Vegas with the only circumstance of successfully achieving it is this small instance, as well as its unconventional nature as for most joining the circus and owning a casino are not the obvious embodiment of the American Dream . To conclude, hopes and dreams are shown to be a powerful force that empower those who have them to search for the truths of life. While Sals search is a more metaphorical and ultimately more attainable one of inner discovery, Raouls instead is a largely futile one. Both Kerouac and Thompson use how the characters hopes and dreams materialise as innate criticisms of American society and its value systems. Through Sal, Kerouac presents how the American Dream is corrupted and how true self-actualisation can come from a better understanding of ones self and the world around us. Similarly, Thompson is critical of the typical capitalist ambitions inherent in the American Dream of great wealth which so few are able to actually achieve. (x words) Bibliography Kerouac, J., On the Road (Penguin Classics, 2000) Thompson, H., Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (Harper Perennial, 2005)

Call for Freedom Essay

From the days pilgrims first kissed the land so rich, to the days they proclaimed the songs of liberty, America was indeed â€Å"the land of the free,† as Francis Scott Key once said. Those who flocked to America had the same dreams of freedom which they have been denied the right of in their mother land. They came to America with the pursuit of happiness. Once they obtained their happiness, their new found freedom, they undoubtedly revolted against all those who stood against their beloved treasure. Before any of this could be achieved, many struggled. Tears of anguish, disappear, and agony have been shed through years of hunger and slavery, yet little was done to give people the right to live as if â€Å"all men [were] created equal.† Many groups struggled to get the freedom we now have. I am Joaquin, Necessary to Protect Ourselves, and What Is An American all portray group struggles for freedom, which persuade others to fight for freedom many of us still have not ach ieved through the reader’s appeal to their emotions. I am Joaquin is a story of an immigrant â€Å"lost in a world of confusion.† This epic poem traces the adventure of Joaquin through his courageous deeds, which portray the values of his race. Using â€Å"loaded language† rich in connotations and vivid imagery, the author captures a scene of suffering, not just the suffering of one individual, but of his whole race. Phrases such as, â€Å"I shed the tears of anguish/ as I see my children disappear,† (lines 24-25) and â€Å"I have survived the toils and slavery/ of the fields,† (45-46) creates such imagery and terror in ones heart that they sympathize for the speaker and move them to agree with their call for freedom. The whole poem is a connotation for the speaker’s cry to just accept him for who he is. The reader can sympathize with the speaker’s feeling of rejection. This sympathy leads to acceptance, acceptance of the speaker and his call for freedom. Rejection is one of man’s greate st fears, fear that no one wants to feel. Out of the dread of feeling fear, one is inspired to fight, fight for freedoms they have not yet achieved. A little weaker on its emotional appeal is Malcom X’s interview with Les Crane, Necessary to Protect Ourselves, and What is an American. Malcom X  uses more of a logical and ethical appeal by making comments such as â€Å"I think all of us should be critics of each other. Whenever you can’t stand criticism you can never grow.† This comment, in contrast to the style of those made in I am Joaquin, which were more emotional rather than ethical, creates less of the urge to go out and make a difference. Rather than doing this, it creates a tone of hate, unlike in I am Joaquin where his comments created a tone of sympathy. This hate can be taken many negative ways which may cause someone’s intention to do good by turning to doing wrong by offending someone with criticism. The same tone is created in What is an American. By making Europe seem as a place that takes advantage of its people and makes them work laboriously, the reader is exposed to an anti-European feeling. Such phrases from What is an American as, â€Å"Can a wretch who wanders about, who works and starves, whose life is a continual scene of sore affliction or pinching penury-can that man call England or any other kingdom his country,† give this anti-European feeling and exaggerates to the truth to appeal to ones ethical senses that one should not have to live under these conditions. These stories do create inspiration, but inspiration that tells one to cause an uprising, which in the end might not be the most effective way to go. With much evaluation and contrast, it can be seen that the most effective call for freedom using appeals to ones emotional side is I am Joaquin. The â€Å"loaded language† rich in meanings and vivid imagery persuades one to go make a difference, a difference that is not only beneficial to themselves, but to generations after.